地震活动的月相效应

本文利用中国大陆１９１０年以来６．０级以上和首都圈地区１９６６以来１．０级以上大量地震资料，对地震活动的月相效应进行了研究。结果表明，发生在各个月相上的地震频次明显受月相的调制和制约，并且有一定的规律性，月相效应的最大幅度可影响地震活动平均频次的２５％以上，证明了地震活动的月相效应明显存在，其影响不可忽略。结果还表明，月相效应的基本特征是具有半月和全月周期性，此外，对首都圈地区地震活动以及唐山，邢     

C_(60)研究现状及前景

碳除了具有传统观念上的石墨和金刚石两种同素异形体外,近年来人们又发现了第三种同素异形体———Ｃ６０。Ｃ６０以其独特的类似足球状的结构及性能,吸引了各国的科学家,对Ｃ６０的研究在全世界范围内如火如荼地开展起来。笔者在总结Ｃ６０的合成技术、分子结构与性能的基础上,探索了Ｃ６０作为一种新型材料所具有的应用潜力;回顾了从Ｃ６０发现至今十多年的研究历程,并首次将Ｃ６０的研究过程分成三个阶段,即起步阶段（１９８５年～１９９０年）、起飞阶段（１９９１年～１９９３年）和成熟阶段（１９９４年以后）;预测了Ｃ６０及其化合物的应用性研究将成为今后研究的重点和热点。最后,对当前Ｃ６０研究中存在的问题和难点进行了讨论。     

深基坑边坡滑塌锚拉钢管桩补救技术

通过对某大厦深基坑边坡失稳事故原因的分析，介绍了粉喷桩，锚拉钢管桩补救设计施工技术及效果。     

Where Are the Women? Accounting for Discrepancies in Female Doctorates in U.S. Geography

Although there have been noticeable improvements in recent years, geography continues to be a predominantly male discipline. The percentage of women receiving PhDs in geography has tracked lower than the U.S. average of female PhDs. Previous studies of women's contribution to geography have focused on personal accounts or on the study of some of the most prominent practitioners, with a few studies using basic data on PhDs awarded and Association of American Geographers membership to determine trends. This article provides a comprehensive overview of doctoral degrees in geography by gender, over time, and across all universities in the United States by examining an alternative database, that of doctoral dissertations. The analysis yields three separate types of results. First, historical and contemporary variations among U.S. universities are examined. Second, data indicate that male and female doctoral students differ in the sex of their advisor. Third, a simple regression model explains some of the discrepancies in the proportion of female doctoral students by department. In sum, this article provides a comprehensive empirical study of the factors that might contribute to the continued disparities in female doctoral students in geography.     

On cumulus-scale transport of horizontal momentum in monsoon depression over India

A diagnostie method of cumulus parameterization is suggested in which vertical transport of horizontal momentum by cumulus-scale is derived by making use of large-scale vorticity as well as divergence budget equations. Data for composite monsoon depression over India available from our earlier studies used to test the method. As a first approximation, the results are obtained using only the vorticity budget equation.The results show that in the southwest sector of the monsoon depression, which is characterized by maximum cloudiness and precipitation, there is an excess of cyclonic vorticity in the lower troposphere and anticyclonic vorticity in the upper troposphere associated with the large-scale motion. The distribution of eddy vertical transport of horizontal momentum is such that anticyclonic vorticity is generated in the lower troposphere and cyclonic vorticity aloft. Cumulus-scale eddies thus work against the large-scale system and tend to off-set the large-scale imbalance in vorticity.     

Discharge and suspended sediment flux estimated along the mainstream of the Amazon and the Madeira Rivers (from in situ and MODIS Satellite Data)

Water and suspended sediment fluxes are considered during the period 2000–2008 in a region including the full Amazon River from the confluence of the Negro River to Santarém, the end part of the Solimões River, and the lower part of the Madeira River. Three types of data are used: water discharge estimated from field measurements, and suspended sediment obtained from field measurements and derived from MODIS satellite data. A generalized least square method including a propagating term is developed in order to propagate the signal upward and downward the river. The approach is introduced and tested. Several experiments are considered in order, first, to estimate the ability to propagate the signal from stations located before the confluences of Negro and Madeira Rivers to stations located on the Amazon River; second to investigate the possibility to propagate the signal along the Amazon River which dynamics is coupled with floodplains dynamics; and third to produce optimal solutions of water and sediment fluxes. For each experiment, the influence of field and satellite data is compared. The approach is efficient in the upper part of the region of study where the Solimões, the Negro and the Madeira Rivers meet and fails in the lower part of the region where interactions between Amazon River and floodplains play an important role on the fluxes’ dynamics. The optimal experiment includes in situ and satellite data from all the stations available and is used to analyse the recent evolution of suspended sediment flux along the Amazon River and its interaction with the large coupled floodplains. A high accumulation rate is observed during the 2000–2002 period, followed by decreasing rates until 2005 and by increasing values in 2006 and 2007. Our results suggest that floodplains extending along a river reach of 390 km-long between Itacoatiara and Óbidos trap about 15% of the suspended sediment flux passing at Óbidos. The simulated deposition rate is of about 0.3 Mt km⁻¹ yr⁻¹ corresponding to an accretion rate of about 27 mm yr⁻¹.     

青藏高原四季划分方法探讨

利用中国气象局国家气象信息中心提供的青藏高原60个测站1961~2007年逐日气温资料,分析常用的四季划分方法在高原的适用性,指出各种四季划分方法的不足和局限,并根据四季持续时间的合理性、物候特征、海拔高度、气候（温度）分布特征等因素提出了针对不同的生产、生活目的而建立的新四季划分方法。探讨认为：（1）根据高原物候特征和气温相结合的方式得到的＂物候四季划分方法＂即＂4℃-12℃-10℃-1℃＂对高原农牧业尤为适合;（2）＂海拔季节划分方法＂对高原旅游和人们衣着尤为适合,海拔季节划分方法把高原分成二个区：海拔4000m以上四季划分方法为＂5℃-12℃-12℃-5℃＂,4000m以下四季划分方法为＂5℃-15℃-15℃-5℃;＂（3）＂生活季节划分方法＂对高原不同区域的生产生活尤为适合,生活季节划分方法将高原分为三个区：Ⅰ区四季划分方法为＂6℃-16℃-16℃-6℃＂,Ⅱ区四季划分方法为＂5℃-12℃-12℃-5℃＂,Ⅲ区四季划分方法＂7℃-7℃＂划分春冬和秋冬,不存在夏季。最后,综合以上各种方法的优缺点,初步定义＂高原普适季节划分方法＂即＂5℃-15℃-15℃-5℃＂为高原总体的四季划分方法,对高原整体的国民经济和政府活动、旅游、人们的衣着、生活生产、季节类产品的销售具有总体的指导意义。     

山东淄博晚石炭世双壳类动物群及其古生态特征

本文记述了采自山东淄博地区晚石炭世太原组双壳类化石１５属２８种，讨论了化石组合特征．在研究双壳类动物群的基础上，划分了３个动物群落，即：Ａｃａｎｔｈｏｐｅｃｔｅｎ群落、Ｐａｌａｃｏｌｉｍａ群落和Ａｉｔａｒｔｅｌｌａ群落，并对各群落的生态特征进行了系统研究．     

东北三省城市扩展及植被覆盖状况

基于三期遥感影像数据( MSS、ETM、CBERS) 对城市建成区的面积进行了调查,研究30 多年来东北三省城市的扩展情况,并且结合NDVI 数据,对研究区范围内的植被覆盖情况进行了研究。结果表明: 1976-2000 年、2000-2007 年两个阶段,城市建成区的面积持续增加,年均扩展率由 5. 10%增加至6. 32%,扩展强度比较显著的区域主要分布在哈大交通经济带上; 研究区范围内东部的植被覆盖情况明显好于西部,NDVI 均值随与城市距离的增加而提高。     

浅析云峰井变径前后气压效应与井径比的关系

本文通过改变云峰井孔径试验,探讨了提高地下水观测井映震能力的一种途径。