弱冻胶调剖剂在孤岛油田污水中成胶性能评价

应用孤岛油田现场聚合物和美国进口复合有机铬交联剂TIORCOWC684进行了一系列的室内评价实验。实验结果表明,宝莫聚合物均具有较好的初始黏度、且形成的弱冻胶体系强度高;弱冻胶主段塞选取聚合物浓度2500--3000mg／L,交联剂浓度300--600mg／L,成胶强度较高,且胶体不易脱水;弱冻胶封口段塞聚合物浓度为4000mg／L,交联剂浓度300--900mg／L,胶体强度较大、韧性好,满足封口的要求;同时评价了封口段塞的耐盐性能,结果表明该体系随盐类矿化度的增加体系强度有增加趋势。     

西北黄土地区地铁深基坑工程监测的关键技术

根据西北黄土地区第一条地铁——西安地铁近四年地铁基坑工程的监测经验,提出了基坑工程监测的主要内容、作用及其常用监测手段,介绍了轴力监测关键技术;测斜仪量测墙体位移关键技术;地裂缝段地表监测点布设的关键技术;盾构地表监测作用、监测项目、地层移动特征;监测报警注意事项。其中着重分析了黄土地区常用的内支撑形式——钢支撑监测的注意事项及常见异常测量数据的出现原因,提出温度对其测量结果的影响不可忽略。     

气温变化对冬小麦生育的影响

利用驻马店市1961年10月—2002年5月冬小麦生长季内平均气温资料以及气温5年滑动平均变化曲线图，采用相关分析法，分析了驻马店市冬小麦生长季内气温变化特征，并利用1981年以后的冬小麦作物观测资料，经过对比分析，揭示了冬小麦生长发育过程中因暖温而产生的一系列变化。     

浙江省年平均气温百年序列的构建

长时间气温序列是气候变化研究的基础,早期气温观测台站的缺乏在某种程度上限制了区域性气温长序列的建立。将局部台站的气温观测值向代表全区水平的气温观测值转化,亦是一种有效利用早期少数气温站点构建区域性气温长序列的重要途径。基于浙江省气温观测台站资料的统计分析,提出了局部台站观测值全局修正（GAoSV）的气温长序列建立方式,并利用该方式构建了浙江省年平均气温百年序列。研究结果表明：省级区域内气温局部台站观测与全区台站观测,两者的气温年值变化具有高度的趋同相关性,所提出的GAoSV气温序列构建方式可在少数气温观测台站的情况下,有效保证全区气温序列的构建可信度,且随着观测台站数量增多,其构建可信度会进一步增大,该方式尤其适合早期气温观测台站稀缺（仅有1～2个）的省市级气温长序列的建立。以GAoSV方式建立的浙江省年平均气温百年序列显示,1905-2012年浙江省年平均气温总体在逐渐升高,增温速率约为0．11℃／10a,1980-2012年期间气温的上升趋势更为明显,增温速率约为0．51℃／10a。     

热红外遥感鄂尔多斯高原隐伏地质构造

用ＮＯＡＡ－１１的热红外通道数据计算面温度场，依据构造层的地热征解释鄂尔多斯高原第四系覆盖下的隐伏地质构造。     

Spatial and Temporal Distribution and Variations in the Near-surface Soil Freezing Days across China, 1956-2006

Using surface soil daily minimum temperature from 845 meteorological stations across China, the long-term (1971-2000) mean and spatial distribution of the near-surface soil freezing days were estimated with annual values of the number of near surface soil freezing days. The time series for the number of freezing days were constructed and compared with air temperatures in the same period.Resultsshowed that long term mean value in the number of the near surface soil freezing days increased with the increasing latitudes and altitudes over China. Near-surface soils were frozen for more than 200 days in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, northern Xinjiang and northeast of China. The boundaries of permafrost zones coincide with the contour of (220±10) days of near-surface soil freezing. Using the mean number of 15 days of near-surface soil freezing as criterion, we found that the southern boundary of seasonally frozen ground is around the 25°N line, and the regions south of 22°N are essentially unfrozen regions. The time series of the number of freezing days showed a significant linear trend with change with a slope of -0.22days/year over a period from 1956 through 2006. After the 1990s, the linear slope was up to -1.02 days / year, indicating that the rate of decrease in the number of near-surface soil freezing days has accelerated. Changes in the number of near surface soil freezing were in a negative correlation with air temperature, i.e., the number of near-surface soil freezing days decreases with increase in air temperature.Backgroundcolor represents the contour values of the departure of near-surface soil freezing days from the 1971-2000 mean; Black dashed line is the boundary of permafrost regions, red dashed line is the boundary between frozen and unfrozen ground regions in China     

Changes of Warmer Winter and Winter Temperature over China During 1956-2005

 A reasonable warmer winter index (IWWI) in the framework of the three equiprobability categories (i.e. warmer, normal and colder categories) is proposed based on the winter temperature data observed at 565 stations in China during 1956-2005, where IWWI is defined as the ratio of the station number of warmer category over the total number of stations. The results suggest that the trend of IWWI was consistent with that of the winter temperature on decadal time scale, and their rates of change were 10%/10 a and 0.4 ℃/10 a, respectively. It is found that only 13 warmer winter events in total were detected by IWWI over the past 50 years, and 85% of them occurred after 1986.     

Patos Lagoon outflow within the Río de la Plata plume using an airborne salinity mapper: Observing an embedded plume

Major river systems discharging into continental shelf waters frequently form buoyant coastal currents that propagate along the continental shelf in the direction of coastal trapped wave propagation (with the coast on the right/left, in the northern/southern hemisphere). The combined flow of the Uruguay and Paraná Rivers, which discharges freshwater into the Río de la Plata estuary (Lat. ∼36°S), often gives rise to a buoyant coastal current (the ‘Plata plume’) that extends northward along the continental shelf off Uruguay and Southern Brazil. Depending upon the prevailing rainfall, wind and tidal conditions, the Patos/Mirim Lagoon complex (Lat. ∼32°S) may also produce a freshwater outflow plume that expands across the inner continental shelf. Under these circumstances the Patos outflow plume can be embedded in temperature, salinity and current fields that are strongly influenced by the larger Plata plume. The purpose of this paper is to present observations of such an embedded plume structure and to determine the dynamical characteristics of the ambient and embedded plumes.