国外软骨藻酸的研究概况

软骨藻酸相继从一些海洋红藻和硅藻中被发现并分离出,研究表明其为神经毒素、递质,当它进入中枢神经系统后,会发生胞溶现象,从而破坏边缘系统结构而产生记忆力丧失等症状。目前,检测其含量有化学和生化二类分析方法。     

海底沉积物分析测试方法标准的研究

依据海底沉积物分析测试方法标准研究的总体设计，完成了40个分析项目的21份验证报告，进行了实验室间精密度协作性检验工作，在海底沉积物CaCo3,H2Os^-，H2O^ 的分析方法研究中取得新进展，并建立了ICP－AES法测定海底沉积物中常量、微量、稀土元素分析方法。     

Local Oceanic Vertical Deflection Determination with Gravity Data Along a Profile

Deflections of the vertical (DOVs) over oceans cannot be directly measured, which restricts their applications. A local covariance function of anomalous potential is put forward in this paper in conjunction with the least-squares collocation (LSC) method to compute the oceanic DOVs utilization of oceanic gravity data along a profile. The covariance functions of gravity field quantities have been derived directly as functions of x, y and z without the need to introduce coordinate transformations corresponding to along- or cross-profile components. In the proposed methodology, gravity data along a profile were used to calculate the residual gravity anomaly using the remove-compute-restore technique. The residual gravity anomaly was used to calculate the parameters of the proposed covariance function of the local anomalous gravity field, which was used in the LSC to compute the residual DOVs along the profile. The residual DOVs added model DOVs to recover the DOVs along the profile. The results of a simulation experiment prove that the proposed methodology is feasible and effective.     

Analytical method of radiation by a wave energy device with dual rectangular floating bodies

The system with one floating rectangular body on the free surface and one submerged rectangular body has been applied to a wave energy conversion device in water of finite depth. The radiation problem by this device on a plane incident wave is solved by the use of an eigenfunction expansion method, and a new analytical expression for the radiation velocity potential is obtained. The wave excitation force is calculated via the known incident wave potential and the radiation potential with a theorem of Haskind employed. To verify the correctness of this method, an example is computed respectively through the bound element method and analytical method. Results show that two numerical methods. are in good agreement, which shows that the present method is applicable. In addition, the trends of hydrodynamic coefficients and wave force are analyzed under different conditions by use of the present analytical method.     

Evidence for the Retrograde Accretion onto Supermassive Black Holestwo

Recently, Sloan Digital Sky Survey successfully carried out the reverberation mapping of a sky area, aiming to test the R ? L relation that has been already widely used. Here, R is the responsivity-weighted radius of the broad line region, and L is the optical luminosity at 5100 Å. Two results have been obtained from the data in the first year: (1) The time lags of AGNs (Active Galactic Nuclei) with a high accretion rate are much shorter than that estimated from the R ? L relation, which confirmed the results of reverberation mapping observations made by the Lijiang 2.4 meter telescope. (2) Some AGNs with a lower accretion rate also have very short time lags. The shortening of the time lags of the AGNs with a low accretion rate is caused by the retrograde accretion of black holes. This result has verified from observations the theoretical prediction made by Wang et al. (2014). The discovery of the black holes with a retrograde accretion has important significance, it indicates that the cosmological evolution of the black holes in quasars is implemented via the inherently random accretion.     

基于扇形子镜的12m光学红外望远镜拼接共相误差仿真分析

为满足国内对应用大型通用光学望远镜在光学红外波段进行天文观测的需求, 中国计划建设一架12 m大口径光学红外望远镜(12-meter large aperture optical-infrared telescope, LOT). LOT对于中国天文界具有极其重要的意义, 将会在近红外波段实现共相. LOT的主镜将采用子镜拼接的方案, 由72块扇形子镜拼接而成, 并且中央部分有一块直径4.5m的圆形镜. 分析了采用扇形子镜拼接方案下LOT的共相误差, 提供了详细的共相误差理论推导过程, 并对包括3种子镜面外误差在内的误差源进行深入的单独模拟和综合模拟. 在共相波长为1μm的条件下, 当服从正态分布的倾斜误差的均方根值小于0.016^\prime\prime或服从正态分布的活塞误差的均方根值小于42.5nm时, LOT的斯特列尔比大于0.8. 仿真结果对于采用共相拼接镜面主动光学的主镜在LOT中的应用具有重要意义.     

射电望远镜多目标观测策略优化

望远镜调度是望远镜运行中的关键组成部分, 用于辅助科研人员进行合理的观测计划安排, 提高望远镜的运行效率, 获取高质量的观测数据. 然而, 由于不同观测项目的科学需求不同, 望远镜的调度过程十分复杂. 针对短周期多目标的观测项目, 考虑望远镜换源时转动时长、观测高度角等因素进行建模, 采用贪心算法对中国科学院新疆天文台南山26m望远镜脉冲星到达时间观测列表进行调度. 通过模拟表明, 使用算法完成的观测列表可以有效地减少观测过程中的平均转动时长, 提升观测数据的质量, 提高望远镜时间利用率, 减少科研人员对观测列表编排的负担.     

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Non-stationary covariance function modelling in 2D least-squares collocation

Standard least-squares collocation (LSC) assumes 2D stationarity and 3D isotropy, and relies on a covariance function to account for spatial dependence in the observed data. However, the assumption that the spatial dependence is constant throughout the region of interest may sometimes be violated. Assuming a stationary covariance structure can result in over-smoothing of, e.g., the gravity field in mountains and under-smoothing in great plains. We introduce the kernel convolution method from spatial statistics for non-stationary covariance structures, and demonstrate its advantage for dealing with non-stationarity in geodetic data. We then compared stationary and non- stationary covariance functions in 2D LSC to the empirical example of gravity anomaly interpolation near the Darling Fault, Western Australia, where the field is anisotropic and non-stationary. The results with non-stationary covariance functions are better than standard LSC in terms of formal errors and cross-validation against data not used in the interpolation, demonstrating that the use of non-stationary covariance functions can improve upon standard (stationary) LSC.     

空间测边交会解析算法与迭代算法的综合应用

本文提出了一种新的三维测边交会解析算法,应用几何判别方法排除多解问题。研究了测边网最稳定解析解的交会图形选择方法,将此解析解作为迭代算法的初值进行迭代计算,不但能保证计算精度,极大加快迭代收敛速度,而且能减少计算机工作量与计算时间,避免迭代算法多值判断问题的同时,保证了迭代初值直接位于收敛域内。试验结果表明,解析算法与迭代算法综合应用算法可高效率,高稳定性求解空间测边交会问题。