结合模糊度和形态学指数约束的深度学习建筑物提取

基于高分辨率遥感影像的建筑物提取一直是研究的热点问题,深度学习的深层次特征提取方法,非常适合高分辨率影像中建筑物的提取,但使用深度学习提取建筑物时,大多以改变网络结构为主进行算法优化,很少与其他方法结合.本文研究在改进深度学习网络结构的基础上,结合影像模糊度约束增强、形态学建筑指数约束增强等方法,对建筑物提取方法进行更...     

BDS/GPS载波相位定位病态性对比分析

针对BDS/GPS载波相位定位的病态性问题,该文提出了采用条件数法对比分析BDS/GPS在我国不同地区、不同时段载波相位定位病态性及其在8个地面站的定位精度因子PDOP值变化情况,其中PDOP值能够反映单点定位的病态性。研究结果表明:BDS在我国大部分地区可用性良好,且其平均PDOP值随纬度的增大而线性增加;然而,BDS导航定位的病态性程度比GPS更为严重,BDS载波相位定位病态性程度不仅随观测时长变化,还与所处的位置变化有关,而GPS几乎不受观测地点的影响。研究成果可在BDS/GPS模糊度的快速、准确固定方面提供参考。     

新一代天气雷达退数据模糊方法探讨

根据新一代天气雷达的技术特点,对当前新一代天气雷达存在的速度模糊及距离模糊问题进行了分析,阐述了速度模糊及距离模糊产生的原因,在此基础上介绍了批处理法、双脉冲重复频率法、随机相位编码法退速度模糊和距离模糊的方法,在比较了三个新一代天气雷达厂家退距离和速度模糊方法的技术特点及存在的问题后,提出了采用交错发射双脉冲重复频率解决速度模糊和减少测速误差及采用SZ相位编码法减少速度模糊的技术方法,并指出今后需要完善的地方。     

Identification and removal of block ambiguities in sea surface wind field with scatterometers

The solution of the current wind retrieval algorithm for scatterometers has several wind vector ambiguities, due to the bi-harmonic relationship between normalized backscattering cross section and the relative wind direction and the existence of the measurement error. In order to remove the ambiguities for a unique wind field, a circular median filter approach (CMF) is usually adopted. But under the condition for clustering distribution of the false ambiguities in some local areas, the CMF fails and thus engenders block ambiguities, which degrade the precision of the retrieved wind field. For such a situation, a technique of identification and removal of the block ambiguities is presented to further optimize the retrieved wind field after CMF. It is demonstrated in experiment that this technique can identify and remove most of the block ambiguities.     

GPS模糊度逆整乔列斯基降相关算法的改进

在详细阐述逆整乔列斯基算法的基础上,提出以最小谱条件数为终止迭代过程的准则,通过对方差-协方差阵的对角线元素进行升序调整来改进逆整乔列斯基算法。以谱条件数和相关系数为评判准则,对逆整乔列斯基算法和改进的逆整乔列斯基算法进行仿真比较和分析,结果表明,改进的逆整乔列斯基算法能更大幅度地降低模糊度向量间的相关性,减小方差-协方差阵的谱条件数。     

GNSS RTK实时自适应换站方法

在中长基线的GNSS动态相对定位中,随着基线长度的增加,参考站与流动站之间误差的相关性会下降,导致模糊度无法快速固定,定位性能下降。在多GNSS参考站条件下,可以通过自适应选择距离更近的参考站,形成更加合理的基线,以保障RTK定位的精度。为解决换站后重新初始化模糊度所带来的定位结果重新收敛问题,本文提出了一种GNSS RTK实时自适应参考站换站算法,引入原参考站与新参考站之间的双差模糊度作为辅助,从而得到准确的新参考站与流动站之间的双差模糊度先验信息,避免了换站后模糊度的重新初始化,得到了连续的高精度定位结果。该方法可适用于实时定位,能够满足大范围RTK高精度连续定位的需求。利用香港CORS站数据进行验证,结果表明,本文换站算法能够克服换站导致的定位重收敛问题,且能够保障换站前后获得连续的高精度定位结果。     

Success probability of integer GPS ambiguity rounding and bootstrapping

Global Positioning System ambiguity resolution is usually based on the integer least-squares principle (Teunissen 1993). Solution of the integer least-squares problem requires both the execution of a search process and an ambiguity decorrelation step to enhance the efficiency of this search. Instead of opting for the integer least-squares principle, one might also want to consider less optimal integer solutions, such as those obtained through rounding or sequential rounding. Although these solutions are less optimal, they do have one advantage over the integer least-squares solution: they do not require a search and can therefore be computed directly. However, in order to be confident that these less optimal solutions are still good enough for the application at hand, one requires diagnostic measures to predict their rate of success. These measures of confidence are presented and it is shown how they can be computed and evaluated. Received: 24 March 1998 / Accepted: 8 June 1998     

Grid point search algorithm for fast integer ambiguity resolution

A Grid Point Search Algorithm (GRIPSA) for fast integer ambiguity resolution is presented. In the proposed algorithm, after the orthogonal transformation of the original ambiguity parameters, the confidence ellipsoid of the new parameters is represented by a rectangular polyhedron with its edges parallel to the corresponding axes. A cubic grid covering the whole polyhedron is then identified and transformed back to the original coordinate system. The integer values of the corresponding transformed grid points are obtained by rounding off the transformed values to their nearest integer values. These values are then tested as to whether they are located inside the polyhedron. Since the identification of the grid points in the transformed coordinate system greatly reduces the search region of the integer ambiguities, marked improvements are obtained in the computational effort. Received: 13 October 1997 / Accepted: 9 June 1998     

基于LAMBDA和DC算法的GPS单历元整周模糊度的快速确定

仅利用LAMBDA方法求解GPS单历元整周模糊度成功率不高,并且当接收卫星数较多时搜索空间较大。为此,采用TIKHONOV正则化方法削弱单历元模型法方程的病态性,并且基于协方差矩阵选择部分宽巷模糊度,先采用LAMBDA方法进行搜索,再利用高解算效率的DC算法解算剩余宽巷模糊度,最后通过两组不同线性组合的逆变换直接求取原始观测值L1和L2的整周模糊度。实验和计算表明,方法显著提高整周模糊度的搜索效率,并且提高模糊度搜索成功率。     

低轨卫星增强载波相位差分定位

针对低轨卫星快速空间几何变化和抗干扰能力强等特征,该文基于卫星工具包软件对全球导航定位系统和铱星系统星座进行了仿真,并假定铱星具有导航卫星的功能,分析铱星对GPS定位的增强作用。首先对GPS和铱星增强星座的可见卫星数量和几何精度因子值进行了分析,然后通过对不同的误差值建模,对GPS系统和铱星系统的观测值进行了仿真,分析了低轨卫星对双差定位浮点解和模糊度固定的增强作用,结果表明:低轨卫星的加入增加了可见卫星数量,几何精度因子也优于单GPS系统。单频双差模糊度浮点解的RMS值优于1周,双频双差模糊度浮点解的RMS值优于0.5周,与单GPS相比有了较明显的提高,同时,低轨卫星的加入更有利于单频短基线的模糊度固定。