北斗卫星类型间偏差快速改正分析

针对北斗卫星类型间偏差（ISTB）导致载波相位差分高精度定位（RTK）的整周模糊度无法固定问题,本文提出了改进ISTB快速改正方法,在观测量层面仅利用1组不同卫星类型的载波相位差分观测量即可实现ISTB估计与改正,实际应用中较传统方法更具普适性与简易性。该方法的测试结果表明,ISTB值由NH码调制不同引起,不同频点的ISTB值具有不一致性;此外,有无改正ISTB的北斗RTK性能对比反映了ISTB会严重降低整周模糊度固定与RTK定位性能。由此可知,本文方法能够保障现阶段北斗接收机更新换代过程中北斗RTK的高精度与高可靠性能。     

一种基于北斗三频的改进CIR算法

北斗卫星导航系统能全星座播发3个频率的观测值,有利于载波相位模糊度的解算。本文以传统的CIR方法为基础,分析了其在短基线和长基线计算时的优点和限制。针对于电离层延迟的影响,经典的CIR难以实现长基线模糊度固定的问题,本文提出了一种附有约束条件的适用于长基线的改进CIR算法,利用北斗三频数据对算法性能进行了验证。实验表明:提出的新算法能够提高长基线宽巷模糊度的固定成功率,并且能够很大程度上缩小窄巷模糊度的搜索空间,使其估值的波动能够在4周以内。     

COMBINED GPS/GLONASS PRECISE POSITIONING FOR LONG-DISTANCE BASELINES

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Wide area real time kinematic decimetre positioning with multiple carrier GNSS signals

This paper presents the technical basis for wide area real time decimetre positioning services using multiple carrier signals transmitted by future GNSS such as modernized GPS and Compass systems. The first step is to form two ionosphere-reduced extra-widelanes (EWL) that have the minimal total noise levels in cycles, considering the effects of the ionospheric and tropospheric delays, orbital error, and phase noise terms in various observational environments. The proposed three carrier ambiguity resolution ...     

一种优化模糊度搜索方法的研究

对于高精度测量和导航,GPS载波相位整周模糊度的快速求解仍然是一个难点,尤其对于单频接收机。提出一种快速求解整周模糊度的方法,其基本思想采用分步求解,首先应用最小二乘模糊去耦调节法(LAMBDA)搜索出来的模糊度作为初始值,然后应用卫星分组方法降低搜索维数,并应用极大似然准则,构造搜索函数,最后应用最优化原理,搜索出最优的模糊度参数,并从三个方面对其进行检验,即RATIO检验,OVT检验,多项式拟合残差检验。为验证该算法,我们用单频GPS接收机进行了实验,利用本文方法在11 S以内正确确定了模糊度,其基线长误差小于3MM,表明该方法不但可以改进模糊度的搜索速度,而且可以进一步提高其可靠性和成功率。该方法可广泛应用于定向及姿态测量。     

Integer aperture bootstrapping: a new GNSS ambiguity estimator with controllable fail-rate

In this contribution, we introduce a new bootstrap-based method for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) carrier-phase ambiguity resolution. Integer bootstrapping is known to be one of the simplest methods for integer ambiguity estimation with close-to-optimal performance. Its outcome is easy to compute due to the absence of an integer search, and its performance is close to optimal if the decorrelating Z-transformation of the LAMBDA method is used. Moreover, the bootstrapped estimator is presently the only integer estimator for which an exact and easy-to-compute expression of its fail-rate can be given. A possible disadvantage is, however, that the user has only a limited control over the fail-rate. Once the underlying mathematical model is given, the user has no freedom left in changing the value of the fail-rate. Here, we present an ambiguity estimator for which the user is given additional freedom. For this purpose, use is made of the class of integer aperture estimators as introduced in Teunissen (2003). This class is larger than the class of integer estimators. Integer aperture estimators are of a hybrid nature and can have integer outcomes as well as non-integer outcomes. The new estimator is referred to as integer aperture bootstrapping. This new estimator has all the advantages known from integer bootstrapping with the additional advantage that its fail-rate can be controlled by the user. This is made possible by giving the user the freedom over the aperture of the pull-in region. We also give an exact and easy-to-compute expression for its controllable fail-rate.     

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一种机载GNSS高精度定位算法

提出部分模糊度固定的加权电离层模型提高大范围全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)航空定位的精度、可靠性及连续性.该方法的主要思路包括:自适应调整大气扰动等误差影响以实现短基线与长基线两类解算模式之间的灵活切换;施加虚拟电离层观测约束信息,提高基线动态定位的浮点解精度;采用部分模糊度固定方法有效挖掘若干模糊度参数的整周约束.试验表明,提出的方法可提高模糊固定效率与定位精度,克服传统方法有效观测信息利用率不足、定位精度较差、可靠性不高以及连续性较差的问题.实验结果表明,部分模糊度固定算法可在2 min内固定95%以上宽巷模糊度解算与80%以上窄巷模糊度,约20 min后可固定所有模糊度.     

GPS整周模糊度搜索算法的可靠性和时效性比较

研究了GPS载波相位快速静态定位中的整周模糊度搜索算法,对实数编码的改进遗传算法和LAMBDA算法进行了对比分析.算例表明:实数编码的遗传算法在搜索效率和可靠性方面和LAMBDA算法相当.     

排序对模糊度解算中降相关性能的影响分析

针对不同排序算法对模糊度解算存在降相关性能影响的问题,从理论上分析了自然升序法、对称旋转法及扰动升序法的降相关原理,并基于模拟数据和实测数据,从降相关时间、搜索时间、总体耗时、Bootstrapping成功率及条件数5个方面对3种算法进行对比分析。结果表明,降相关效率与搜索椭球压缩程度呈负相关关系,搜索椭球压缩程度越高,降相关效率越低;对于不同的排序算法,提高降相关性能的关键在于减少降相关时间及对条件方差按一定方向排序,进而提高搜索效率。