机载雷达风切变识别算法研究及在机场预报中的应用

大气中的风切变严重威胁飞机安全,尤其低空风切变是影响飞机起降的重要因素。利用多普勒雷达速度资料计算一维切向、一维径向与二维合成风切变,准确判断风切变的危险区域,能够及时为飞行及起降提供告警。针对多普勒雷达业务应用的主用户处理器PUP(Principal User Processor)上风切变自动识别产品存在的边缘识别较弱及定位误差较大等问题,根据多普勒雷达速度资料径向分布的特点,利用最小二乘法线性拟合优势,选择适于机载雷达参数的拟合窗口,对多个实例进行了识别分析。对比结果表明最小二乘法在识别效果、定位精度、边缘识别等方面优于PUP风切变自动识别产品,提高了风切变识别能力,有助于为机载雷达风切变识别及预警提供更好的依据。     

海空重力测量技术进展

简要分析了现有三类重力测量技术手段整体发展状况及其特点,全面阐述了国际、国内海空重力测量技术的起步、发展与现状,综述了国内外主要海空重力仪的性能技术指标,介绍了国内海空重力测量系统研制与试验情况。     

航空重力测量中FIR滤波与高斯滤波的比较

数字滤波器是影响航空重力测量数据处理成果质量的关键技术之一。分析比较了布莱克曼窗函数滤波和高斯滤波的特点,并利用实测数据对各类滤波器的性能进行了实际验证。结果表明,航空重力测量数据处理中高斯滤波和布莱克曼滤波的精度相当,高斯滤波略优,表明高斯滤波器同样适用于航空重力数据的滤波处理。     

Evaluating Volumetric Glacier Change Methods Using Airborne Laser Scanning Data

Assessments of geodetic volume change are widely used in glaciology and have a long tradition dating back to the nineteenth century. Over time, the geodetic method and corresponding data storage have been developed further, but the resulting methodological heterogeneity can lead to errors that are difficult to separate from other survey uncertainties. In this study we used high‐resolution airborne laser scanning data from the Findelengletscher in the Swiss Alps to evaluate state‐of‐the‐art volumetric glacier change methods. For the first time we have been able to simulate errors arising from different geodetic methods and spatial resolutions. The evaluation showed that, although the digital elevation models were perfectly co‐registered, systematic and random method‐ and scale‐dependent errors still occurred. These errors have an impact on the resulting volume changes at lower spatial resolutions and may lead to exponentially larger uncertainties. Volume changes from contour methods provided reasonably accurate results, while volumetric change assessments from central profile lines were especially prone to biases at any scale.     

航空重力梯度测量飞行姿态影响及误差校正

在石油和金属矿勘探中,相对于重力异常数据,航空重力梯度数据含有更多的高频信号成分,能更好的描述小的异常特征。为了得到地下异常体的真实重力梯度数据,需要全张量梯度测量数据中有效地去除飞机自身梯度值的影响。针对这一影响,提出线性的校正方法。考虑飞行姿态的改变引起的空间坐标系的变化,在校正过程中给出旋转矩阵和张量转换矩阵来实现坐标系的统一。通过模型实验分析了自身梯度值随姿态角变化情况,用实际梯度数据计算证明了该方法能够减小几个E的姿态误差,有效提高数据的精度。     

联合M-W组合和电离层残差组合的周跳探测与修复方法

针对电离层残差法和TyrboEdit方法在周跳探测与修复方面的不足,提出了联合利用M-W组合观测值和电离层残差组合观测值进行周跳处理的方法.通过对高采样机载GPS动态测量数据的计算分析,提出的方法可探测出电离层残差法和TurboEdit方法各自不能探测的周跳,同时联合利用两种组合进行周跳偏差的估计,可以得到精确的周跳估...     

航磁调查中追踪隐伏磁性体的方法

在航磁调查工作中,为了追踪隐伏断裂、隐伏岩体及隐伏矿体,尝试了应用方向导数、斜导数和插值切割法等方法。针对建立的理想模型进行对比分析,并在内蒙古某地进行实验,认为应用斜导数追踪隐伏断裂、隐伏岩体,参考插值切割法追踪隐伏磁铁矿体方法较好。     

频率域航空电磁异常的数字化识别筛选技术

频率域航空电磁法实施连续测量,形成了海量数据,航电异常识别筛选工作量大,传统人工异常识别筛选工作无法满足需要。基于HDY-402型三频航空电磁仪技术特点,参考国内、外相关技术,借鉴传统的人工异常识别筛选方法,开发了计算机软件异常识别、筛选和解释算法,并编制了应用软件。研制的软件应用在内蒙古地区开展的约42.3万测线千米航空物探综合勘查项目中,异常识别方法和效果得到了检验,提高了海量异常识别筛选的工作效率和质量。     

Construction and application of coastal zone image map based on uncontrolled point technology

Using the tight connection of direct geolocation technique and large-scale digital aerial photography system, the authors carried out the high-precision aerial remote sensing survey in Binhai New Area of Tianjin and Caofeidian New Area of Tangshan, West Bohai Bay. The application of uncontrolled point technology gets rid of the dependence on the base station for aerial remote sensing, and also overcomes the shortcoming of the rarity of ground stations in the surrounding areas of the coastal zone. Utilizing the 0.3 m high-resolution true-color aerial photography images and high-precision positioning and orientation elements, the authors have successfully constructed the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Digital Orthophoto Map (DOM), which meet the requirements of 1:10 000 scale indexes in plane and altitude. These fill the gap in the basic geological information of high-precision aerial remote sensing in Binhai New Area and the intertidal belt of Caofeidian Coastal Zone. On the basis of high-resolution satellite data, remote sensing interpretation has been used for land type classification and coastline extraction, which provides detailed and reliable geographic information for the thematic maps of remote sensing geological interpretation, geological ecological environment and disasters. The results show that the application of tightly coupled airborne position and orientation system (POS) and uncontrolled technology shortens the mapping cycle of DEM and DOM, reduces a lot of ground measurement workload and saves manpower and material expenditure. The research can provide some new technical support and working ideas for geological survey in coastal zone working areas.     

基于个体“移动—接触”的空间交互网络理论构建与疫情风险评估

个体在空间移动过程中不可避免地产生“人与人”之间的接触,使疫情传播具有复杂性和空间不确定性。但现有学术研究较少在理论上综合考虑个体的空间移动及移动过程中近距离接触分析疫情的空间扩散。本文综合考虑个体移动及移动过程中接触,提出基于个体“移动—接触”的空间交互网络的理论构建框架。鉴于公交刷卡数据能够有效地反映个体的移动路径及车厢内接触的群体,以北京市公交系统为例开展实证研究,构建基于个体“移动—接触”的空间交互网络,采用加权度中心性和K-shell分解方法识别疫情高风险区域,提出管控措施,并通过模拟管控措施前后网络社团结构变化来评价管控措施实施效果。结果发现疫情高风险区域集中分布在城际交通枢纽、商务中心、居住区周边区域。本文提出的理论框架对基于各类交通系统的疫情风险评估具有普适性,研究结果可为突发公共卫生事件中及时启动有效的疫情防控应急响应政策具有借鉴作用。