多模式小卫星SAR机载挂飞试验的飞行路线规划与雷达参数设计

多模式小卫星SAR(synthetic aperture radar,合成孔径雷达)是一种搭载于小卫星平台的新体制雷达系统,它集SAR、散射计、高度计、波谱仪4种遥感器的优势于一身.它可以根据需求分时实现几种工作模式的切换,可兼顾对海洋目标和海洋动力环境的高精度测量.由于卫星发射存在诸多不确定因素,为了在卫星发射前对多...     

多波束和机载激光测深位置归算及载体姿态影响研究

我国继研制成功多波束测深系统后,正在着手研制机载激光测深系统。本文根据以上两种测深新技术的特点,全面推导了条带式深度测量位置归算的严密计算公式及其相应的精度估算公式,在推演过程中,充分顾及了海洋测量的动态效应即载体姿态的影响。本文最后还结合我国自行研制的实际系统参数数据,对位置归算改正的量值大小进行了数值计算和精度评定。     

山东黄河口地区环境放射性辐射水平及评价

依据山东黄河口地区航空物探综合测量结果,阐述了航空伽马能谱资料在评价环境放射性辐射水平、圈定放射性污染范围等方面的应用方法及效果,指出该区虽天然本底辐射水平较低,但区内多处发现的放射性异常,则是引以关注的环保问题。     

海监航空遥感平台及其在近海水体环境质量监测中的应用

中国海监飞机上装备了光电平台、多光谱扫描仪、高光谱成像仪三大遥感器以辅助海洋监测,对这些遥感器及其在水体环境质量监测中的应用进行了简要介绍。目前海监航空平台已在水体悬浮物调查、核电温排水口监测和溢油监测等方面体现出了巨大潜力。未来将继续深入研究航空遥感平台的应用技术,以更好地利用它不同于卫星的高分辨率、高光谱的灵活机动的监测能力为经济建设的安全可靠发展保驾护航。     

机载LIDAR数据的树高识别算法与应用分析

利用机载激光雷达数据提取天然次生林的树高,旨在探索影响树高提取精度的主要因素。首先,采用高精度曲面建模平差算法(Adjustment Computation of High-accuracy Surface Modeling,HASM-AD)生成研究区不同空间分辨率的数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)、数字地表模型(Digital Surface Model,DSM)和冠层高度模型(Canopy Height Model,CHM);其次,用树顶点识别算法提取林木树高,设置不同树高识别范围,对比分析不同CHM分辨率和不同树高识别范围对树高提取精度的影响;最后,以天涝池流域30个实测样地数据为样本,对提取精度进行检验。结果显示：提取的样地平均树高与实测值具有明显线性相关关系,线性回归系数为0.694;树高识别范围是影响树高提取精度的重要因素,CHM分辨率对其影响较小。研究表明,采用高采样密度的雷达点云数据、正确选择CHM生成方法和改进树顶点识别算法是提高天然次生林树高提取精度的有效途径。     

基于小波分层原理的机载激光雷达数据滤波

分析了小波变换的基本原理并把小波变换引入到了机载激光雷达数据滤波中,实现了DSM数据的快速、高精度的滤波。在文章的最后,利用英国Birmingham地区的实验数据对基于小波分层原理的数据滤波方法进行了验证,结果表明基于小波分层原理的数据滤波方法的正确率优于94%,精度优于±0.71m。     

Macro- and Micro-physical Characteristics of Different Parts of Mixed Convective-stratiform Clouds and Differences in Their Responses to Seeding

This study investigates the cloud macro- and micro-physical characteristics in the convective and stratiform regions and their different responses to the seeding for mixed convective-stratiform clouds that occurred in Shandong province on 21 May 2018, based on the observations from the aircraft, the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite, and the high-resolution Himawari-8 (H8) satellite. The aircraft observations show that convection was deeper and radar echoes were significantly enhanced with higher tops in response to seeding in the convective region. This is linked with the conversion of supercooled liquid droplets to ice crystals with released latent heat, resulting in strengthened updrafts, enhanced radar echoes, higher cloud tops, and more and larger precipitation particles. In contrast, in the stratiform cloud region, after the Silver Iodide (AgI) seeding, the radar echoes become significantly weaker at heights close to the seeding layer, with the echo tops lowered by 1.4–1.7 km. In addition, a hollow structure appears at the height of 6.2–7.8 km with a depth of about 1.6 km and a diameter of about 5.5 km, and features such as icing seeding tracks appear. These suggest that the transformation between droplets and ice particles was accelerated by the seeding in the stratiform part. The NPP and H8 satellites also show that convective activity was stronger in the convective region after seeding; while in the stratiform region, a cloud seeding track with a width of 1–3 km appears 10 km downstream of the seeding layer 15 minutes after the AgI seeding, which moves along the wind direction as width increases.     

四川盆地低空飞行飞机积冰的气象条件分析

利用常规气象资料和机载温度探测资料(OAT),对2015—2016年冬季四川盆地7次低空飞行(3000m以下)飞机积冰的个例进行了诊断分析。结果表明:冬季在四川盆地内3000m以下飞行,导致飞机积冰的环流形势包括冷锋型、低槽型、西南气流型以及弱脊型,其中前三种形势更有利于中度积冰的产生。飞机积冰均发生在穿过温度小于0℃的云中,出现中度积冰的温度范围在-4^-2℃,轻度积冰温度范围在-1~0℃,在这一温度范围内,相对湿度越大越有利于积冰的产生,其中产生中度积冰时相对湿度均在90%以上。在有利的环流形势以及一定的温度和相对湿度条件下,垂直上升气流速度在-1.0^-0.05Pa·s-1之间更有利于中度积冰的产生,-0.05~0Pa·s-1之间更有利于轻度积冰的产生。     

Spectroscopic Characterization of Humic-Like Substances in Airborne Particulate Matter

In a standard reference air dust (NIST 1648 – urban particulate matter) as well as in airborne particulate matter collected in German urban and rural areas (Dortmund, Sauerland) 10% and more of the organic carbon can be attributed to macromolecular substances like humic and fulvic acids (HA, FA). Indirect evidence for the presence of humin was also obtained. HA and FA extracted from NIST 1648 and other urban and rural atmospheric particles using 0.1 m NaOH and isolated by ion-exchangers were characterized by their molecular-size distribution applying multistage ultrafiltration, their carbon content and their UV/VIS, Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) spectra. Summarizing, the structural studies exhibit that these humic-like substances (HULIS) contained in air dust samples are small in their molecular size and rich in aliphatic and carbohydrate substructures compared to HA and FA from soils and aquatic systems.     

磁偶极子源航空瞬变电磁对飞行高度的响应特征

根据A.A.考夫曼推导水平层状介质表面上磁偶极子电磁场表达式的思路,推导出了水平层状大地上方磁偶极子电磁场的表达式,采用两层和三层典型层状大地模型,研究了不同飞行高度的电磁场响应特征。计算结果表明,飞行高度的变化直接影响测点的电磁响应大小。