NASVD方法在航空伽玛能谱数据降噪中的应用

介绍了一种基于多元统计分析的降噪处理方法——NASVD方法的核心思想及其程序实现步骤。对某地区航空伽玛能谱测量数据集进行降噪处理的试验结果表明：NASVD方法能够显著地消除原始能谱数据中统计涨落的影响,其降噪效果明显优于传统的能谱降噪方法。     

伊犁盆地砂岩型铀矿遥感地质应用研究

本文以遥感图像和实践资料为依据,以区域地质构造研究为中心,主攻大型可地浸砂岩型铀矿。运用板块构造理论,对伊犁盆地铀矿成矿地质背景,区域地质构造特征,控矿机理,控制因素和成矿规律等方面进行了综合分析研究。提出了在天山古岛弧系中,伊犁多相地块之上中新生代压扭性断拗盆地内稳定地伺与特定的古地理环境及其“构造阶地”,共同控制层间氧化带大型砂岩型铀矿的新观点,并将“水液型”砂岩型铀矿的成因归结为“双合”式轴成矿模式及其“八位一体”的找矿模式,为近期开发大西北,持续寻找和预测大型砂岩型铀矿提供了新的线索,明确了方向。     

从航空重力看郯庐断裂系(渤海)及其围区构造几何学特征

本文以我国首次试验的渤海西、南部海陆结合带航空重力测量资料为依据, 探讨了郯庐断裂在渤海西、南部海域的空间展布及其围区的构造几何学特征。研究表明, (1)渤海南部和西部两个明显的NNE向 重力异常梯级带属于区域不同重力场的分界线, 分别是郯庐断裂带东支断裂(主干断裂)和西支断裂的反映; (2)郯庐主断裂东侧主要发育NE-NNE向重力异常梯级带, 西侧呈现NW向、NE-NNE向、近EW向重力异常梯级带相互交错的面貌, 反映了东、西两侧不同的断裂构造格局; (3)重力异常小区与异常梯级带的不同组合, 反映了拉张、压缩、扭动三类构造样式; (4)不同的重力异常区、亚区、小区, 反映了不同的沉积构造特征, 分别对应不同的构造单元。     

成都市城东区浓雾时大气颗粒物的总数密度及质量变化特征

利用自动型尘埃颗粒激光计数器和Anderson采样器,对成都市城东区两次浓雾天前后颗粒物的总数密度和质量分别进行了分析,得到颗粒物的物理变化特征,结果表明,浓雾的存在可以改变颗粒物的物理特征：颗粒物总数密度保持在270000～310000／100cm。之间,粒径0．3～0．5μm颗粒物数密度降低,粒径在0．5～3μm之间的粗颗粒物数密度升高;质量主要集中在粒径0．65～2．1μm的积聚模态颗粒物上。     

新疆吉木萨尔地区油气渗漏与盐碱化相关性的航空高光谱遥感探测研究

笔者在新疆吉木萨尔地区开展航空高光谱遥感油气探测示范研究的过程中,发现油气渗漏地区往往有盐碱化现象。据此,利用航空高光谱成像系统在该区取得的可见光-近红外和短波红外遥感数据,采用自主开发的波段分类填图方法,对吉木萨尔农田、荒地和戈壁地区的油气渗漏异常信息进行了提取,经野外验证和化学分析,圈定了7处油气渗漏异常区。同时,构建了盐碱化的高光谱识别模型,利用该模型进行了盐碱化信息填图,并对吉木萨尔同一覆盖区的盐碱化异常进行了提取,圈定了盐碱化异常区。通过对油气渗漏异常区与盐碱化异常区的叠置聚焦分析,发现二者空间位置有高度的重合性。笔者认为这一高光谱遥感探测发现,不仅具有探索的理论意义,而且具有实用价值。其实用价值主要体现在高光谱遥感油气探测中,通过烃碱信息的相互印证,可以减少油气信息的漏判,提高油气渗漏信息识别的准确性。同时,在缺少航空高光谱遥感数据的情况下,还可以利用卫星多光谱遥感数据源,通过提取盐碱化异常和圈定盐碱化异常区的途径,帮助缩小找油气的目标区,为油气资源的调查、评价和选区提供新的信息和依据。上述研究同时表明,自然界的盐碱化可能并非全是由"干旱蒸发"形成,很可能还存在与油气有关的盐碱化,在油气勘查中如何区分这两种类型的盐碱化,特别是应用高光谱遥感技术将二者区分开来,是值得深入探讨的科学问题。     

Study of Residual Basin and Tectonolayering Based on Airborne Gravity and Magnetic Data

This paper takes the South Yellow Sea as an example to show a new method for comprehensive geological-geophysical research such as residual basin and tectonolayering using airborne gravity and magnetic data in China. Based on airborne gravity and magnetic data, by measuring and analyzing stratigraphic density and susceptibility, the depths to the pre-Sinian magnetic basement top, the pre-Jurassic top and the Cenozoic bottom, are obtained by forward and inverse methods constrained by seismic and drilling data; and furthermore, the residual thicknesses of the Sinian–Triassic, the Jurassic–Cretaceous and the Cenozoic are calculated. Based on airborne gravity and magnetic anomalies, the faults in the pre-Sinian magnetic basement, the Jurassic-Cretaceous and the Cenozoic are respectively interpreted by the qualitative and quantitative methods. On the basis of the above study, and combining regional important tectonic events, four tectonolayers are divided in the vertical succession in South Yellow Sea, namely the pre-Sinian magnetic basement, the Sinian-Triassic, the Jurassic-Cretaceous and the Cenozoic. The result shows that there are thick Cenozoic and Jurassic-Cretaceous strata and thin residual Sinian-Triassic strata in the Suzhong-Huangnan depression area, but there are thin or only sporadic Mesozoic-Cenozoic terrestrial strata and thick Sinian-Triassic marine strata reserved in Subei-Huangzhong uplift area and Sunan-Wunansha uplift area. The four tectonolayers are very different in structures as well as distributions in plane.     

固定翼电磁数据双分量联合电导率深度成像

传统固定翼航空电磁探测采用总场dB/dt进行电导率深度成像,不仅损失多分量测量信息,dB/dt与电导率的非唯一性也影响数据的成像精度。笔者提出了一种基于磁场双分量(B_x, B_z)查表的联合电导率深度成像算法,根据固定翼电磁响应的正演计算,建立按时间道划分的B_x-B_z-电导率-飞行高度数据表,利用磁场双分量联合查表与插值算法确定视电导率,避免了由于电磁数据二值性引起的视导率不确定性问题;根据扩散深度公式得到视深度,并计算成像深度,从而得到双分量联合电导率深度成像结果。基于一维大地模型正演数据与准二维大地模型正演加噪数据,分别采用磁场双分量联合查表法、总场查表法和单分量查表法对仿真数据进行电导率深度成像,结果表明磁场双分量联合查表法优于单分量与总场查表法,较单分量电导率深成像精度提高了7%。     

Investigation of submarine groundwater discharge to tidal rivers: Evidence for regional and local scale seepage

Fluxes of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) were investigated into two tidal rivers on the north and south shore of Long Island, NY, during July 2015. Ground‐based handheld thermal infrared (TIR) imagery, combined with direct push‐point piezometer sampling, documented spatially heterogeneous small‐scale intertidal seepage zones. Pore waters were relatively fresh and enriched in nitrogen (N) within these small‐scale seeps. Pore waters sampled just 20 cm away, outside the boundary of the ground‐based TIR‐located seepage zone, were more saline and lower in N. These ground‐based TIR‐identified seeps geochemically represented the terrestrial fresh groundwater endmember, whereas N in pore waters sampled outside of the TIR‐identified seeps was derived from the remineralization of organic matter introduced into the sediment by tidal seawater infiltration. A ²²²Rn (radon‐222) time‐series was used to quantify fresh SGD‐associated N fluxes using the N endmembers sampled from the ground‐based TIR pore water profiles. N fluxes were up‐scaled to groundwater seepage zones identified from high‐resolution airborne TIR imagery using the two‐dimensional size of the airborne TIR surface water anomalies, relative to the N flux from the time‐series sampling location. Results suggest that the N load from the north‐shore tidal river to Long Island Sound is underrepresented by at least 1.6–3.6%, whereas the N load from SGD to a south‐shore tidal river may be up to 9% higher than previous estimates. These results demonstrate the importance of SGD in supplying nutrients to the lower reaches of tidal rivers and suggest that N loads in other tidal river environments may be underestimated if SGD is not accounted for.     

航测资料在准噶尔盆地东部地区砂岩型铀矿成矿条件研究中的应用

本文就如何充分利用准噶尔盆地东部地区已有航放及航磁资料,从成矿地质背景条件分析出发,对中新生代盆地可地浸砂岩型铀矿找矿问题进行了探讨。并对航测资料整理和结果解释方法进行了探索,对测区成矿有利部位进行了预测。     

Bioaccumulation of Cobalt in Parmelia sulcata

Six locations across mainland Portugal were selected for exposing Parmelia sulcata, for a one-year period (8 months for one site), with simultaneous measurement of total (dry + wet) deposition (one-month periods). The exposed lichens and the total (dry + wet) deposition were analysed for cobalt contents by INAA (instrumental neutron activation analysis) and ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy), respectively. The designated wet deposition was evaluated through the collected water volume; the designated dry deposition was assessed after the (dried) residual mass of the wet deposition. An excellent agreement between Co contents in exposed lichens and the cumulative (1) Co contents in the dry deposition, (2) dry deposition, and (3) wet deposition has been found for the locations with alternate drought and precipitation months, high dry deposition, and high Co contents in the latter. Continuous rainfall was found to hinder the Co accumulation in the lichen due to its release from the lichen and/or lower Co contents in the dry deposition. At three locations, P. sulcata Co contents, after subtraction of the background (before exposure), equalled or exceeded the Co contents in the cumulative dry deposition at the end of the exposure time. The optimal exposure period for this species likely depends on the exposure conditions.