导航卫星的单星定轨

本文对导航卫星的单星定轨进行了初步探讨，针对单星定轨时卫星钟钟差和接收机钟钟差难以处理的特点，提出了定轨的同时解算测站距离偏差和采用平均距离变化率进行定轨两种方案，采用GPS的实测数据试验计算表明，两种计算方案均能初步完成单星定轨任务。     

导航卫星自主定轨中系统误差△Ω和△t的消除方法

为了消除利用星间距离或速度观测值进行自主定轨时可能存在的卫星星座整体旋转和卫星钟差整体漂移的误差，提出利用单点定位的方法来研究并消除上述两项误差。当导航卫星整体旋转△Ω角时，单点定位所求得的测站经度也会偏移△Ω角，据此就能用具有精确地面坐标的控制点来测定△Ω角。当各卫星钟中均舍有系统误差△t时，利用单点定位所求得的接收机钟差中也会出现同样的误差，通过与标准时间比对就能测定△t值。算倒结果表明，该方法是有效的，可行的。     

Practical Experiences with Films, Cameras and Navigation Systems

The first author commenced his experiences with aerial photography in 1945, when he joined the Royal Air Force (RAF). The aerial cameras used at that time were the Williamson F24 and F52, with Ilford HP3 and FP3 panchromatic films. Subsequently the Williamson F95 camera was tested against the USAF Sonne 11 camera. During his final years in the RAF, a variety of film types was employed: colour, monochrome infra-red and false colour infra-red. Additional experience was gained when the author was employed by the International Training Centre (ITC), The Netherlands and he saw the further development of the air camera from the Wild RC8 and Zeiss (Oberkochen) RMK 15/23 to the Wild RC20, Zeiss (Jena) LMK and Zeiss (Oberkochen) RMK TOP. He predicts that the future lies with digital cameras.
The second author started working with aerial photography in the 1950s. Details are given of cameras, visual navigation sights and survey aircraft dating from that period. Overseas operations, carried out mainly by Hunting Surveys and Fairey Surveys, posed particular problems because the majority of the work there was undertaken without the aid of existing maps. The introduction of external navigation systems is described, from the Decca ship navigation system, through the GNS-200 VLF/Omega low frequency radio system to INS, the Inertial Navigation System. The author later joined the ITC, which enabled him to participate in trials of the Computer-controlled Photo Navigation System. Eventually practical experience was gained with differential GPS, particularly in countries in southeast Asia. Aerial photography currently appears to benefit less from financial investment than the photographic, aviation and survey industries. However, the satisfaction of making a significant contribution to major overseas development projects outweighs the frustration of lack of acceptance of plans for the future of the air survey industry.     

面向自动车辆定位与导航系统的数字地图数据库系统

讨论了生成AVLN数字地图及相应数据库所必须采集的信息。重点分析了AVLN系统中几个依赖数字地图的功能。     

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海洋环境移动平台观测技术发展趋势分析

文中论述了海洋环境移动平台观测技术发展现状,强调移动平台观测技术的重要性。通过剖析移动平台观测技术谱系,从顶层设计、关键技术创新、平台载体系统集成及应用技术等方面,分析了未来技术发展趋势,提出了加强我国海洋环境移动平台观测技术的发展建议。     

一种新的北斗Klobuchar模型及其精度分析

针对传统Klobuchar模型电离层延迟修正精度不高的问题,提出一种新的Klobuchar模型,以提高北斗导航系统的精度。利用欧洲定轨中心CODE的全球格网数据作为参考,使用松弛搜索法分别对覆盖中国区域的格网点和9个测站的观测数据进行算例分析。比较两种方法得出,新模型的修正精度相对于广播模型有大幅提高;新模型预报7d内的电离层时延值修正效果也比广播模型有明显改善;格网点上的平均修正精度从67.89%提高到78.44%,观测数据的平均修正精度从69.81%提升至82.34%。     

强跟踪抗差自适应滤波算法及其在无人机导航定位中的应用

针对Sage-Husa自适应滤波算法在无人机导航定位应用中存在滤波发散和定位精度低的问题,本文提出一种强跟踪抗差自适应滤波算法。该算法在Sage-Husa自适应滤波算法基础上,引入强跟踪技术,通过自适应渐消因子降低历史数据对当前滤波的影响,从而抑制滤波发散,增强算法的稳健性;结合量测噪声和系统噪声进行实时估计,并且在估计中加入抗差因子抑制粗差对滤波的干扰,提高定位精度。仿真结果表明,该算法在发生滤波发散和粗差干扰的情况下能够表现出良好的滤波性能,较Sage-Husa算法有更强的稳健性。     

室内楼层平面导航路网模型的自动生成

室内路网模型作为室内导航研究的基础,如何自动生成室内路网模型成为近年的研究热点。对于目前自动路网模型研究中出现的复杂环境适应度不够的问题,本文提出了一种室内楼层平面路网模型的自动提取方法。它将室内空间分为公共空间和专属空间两类,从而形成公共空间路径和专属空间路径,并用转换点将两类路径进行衔接;最终利用提取的公共空间路径、专属空间路径和连接路径构成楼层平面导航路网模型。基于此方法,将某学校教学楼一层建筑平面图生成平面自动路网模型,并从路径完整度、准确度及寻路情况3个方面与手动路网模型进行了对比分析,其表现良好。     

低轨卫星增强北斗三号导航星座性能分析

针对低轨卫星星座有待合理化设计的问题,深入研究了低轨卫星星座增强北斗三号系统定位性能。分析轨道高度、轨道倾角、星座构型对星座覆盖性能的影响,仿真北斗三号、GPS和3种不同类型的低轨星座,研究各低轨星座与北斗三号、GPS的组合系统在所选7个测站以及全球范围内的可见卫星数和PDOP值分布。结果表明低轨卫星对北斗三号的增强效果主要与低轨卫星数目有关,且不同轨道倾角的组合低轨星座有利于均衡系统在全球范围内的可见卫星数与PDOP值分布。低轨卫星有望通过改善卫星观测几何构型提高北斗三号系统的定位性能,且增强效果与低轨星座构型密切相关。