GPS测高技术在无验潮水深测量中的应用

应用双频GPS动态后处理高精度定位技术，建立了一套完整的GPS无验潮海洋深度测量作业模式，通过海上试验与传统作业模式作了数值分析比较，结果表明，该作业模式不仅无需验潮，而且能够有效消除传统作业模式中船只动态吃水和涌浪等因素对测量成果的影响，显著提高水深测量成果的精度。     

SAS测量水体表观光学参数的方法

SeaWiFS航空模拟器（SAS）是专门为在水面之上测量水体表观光学参数的现场设备。文章在介绍SAS现场测量以及数据处理基本方法的基础上，分析了2002年黄海试验SAS的应用效果，并与剖面法测量数据进行了比对。     

走航测深数据的自动采集

本文介绍应用IBM微机实现走航实时水深及定位数据的自动采集系统。给出了联机系统方框图及采集、传送数据的程序流程图。并对IBM-PC/XT微机与测深仪之间的接口、数码转换和数据处理作了简要的叙述。     

Beneath the surface: Characteristics of oceanic ecosystems under weak mixing conditions – A theoretical investigation

This study considers an important biome in aquatic environments, the subsurface ecosystem that evolves under low mixing conditions, from a theoretical point of view. Employing a conceptual model that involves phytoplankton, a limiting nutrient and sinking detritus, we use a set of key characteristics (thickness, depth, biomass amplitude/productivity) to qualitatively and quantitatively describe subsurface biomass maximum layers (SBMLs) of phytoplankton. These SBMLs are defined by the existence of two community compensation depths in the water column, which confine the layer of net community production; their depth coincides with the upper nutricline. Analysing the results of a large ensemble of simulations with a one-dimensional numerical model, we explore the parameter dependencies to obtain fundamental steady-state relationships that connect primary production, mortality and grazing, remineralization, vertical diffusion and detrital sinking. As a main result, we find that we can distinguish between factors that determine the vertically integrated primary production and others that affect only depth and shape (thickness and biomass amplitude) of this subsurface production layer. A simple relationship is derived analytically, which can be used to estimate the steady-state primary productivity in the subsurface oligotrophic ocean. The fundamental nature of the results provides further insight into the dynamics of these “hidden” ecosystems and their role in marine nutrient cycling.     

离子色谱分析在黄土和粉尘研究中的应用

黄土中存在着大量的碱金属及碱土金属，以往的测试方法多为原子吸收和ICP—MS，离子色谱法在测试黄土样品的碱金属和碱土金属元素含量中应用不多。将黄土地质标准样品进行消解后用离子色谱进行测试，测试效果良好，重复测试的相对标准偏差小于5％，与推荐值的相对误差小于5％，准确度和精密度符舍相关的质量控制要求。本实验方法测试的离子含量都在仪器响应呈线性的最佳测试范围之内，标准曲线经回归后相关系数均达到0．9999。黄土样品的分析结果与粉尘气溶胶样品的离子分析结果对比表明，此方法对于探讨粉尘起源以及沙尘暴天气的研究具有重要意义。     

Longshore drift estimation using fluorescent tracers: New insights from an experiment at Comporta Beach, Portugal

A fluorescent sand-tracer experiment was performed at Comporta Beach (Portugal) with the aim of acquiring longshore sediment transport data on a reflective beach, the optimization of field and laboratory tracer procedures and the improvement of the conceptual model used to support tracer data interpretation.

The field experiment was performed on a mesotidal reflective beach face in low energetic conditions (significant wave height between 0.4 and 0.5 m). Two different colour tracers (orange and blue) were injected at low tide and sampled in the two subsequent low tides using a high resolution 3D grid extending 450 m alongshore and 30 m cross-shore. Marked sand was detected using an automatic digital image processing system developed in the scope of the present experiment.

Results for the two colour tracers show a remarkable coherence, with high recovery rates attesting data validity. Sand tracer displayed a high advection velocity, but with distinct vertical distribution patterns in the two tides: in the first tide there was a clear decrease in tracer advection velocity with depth while in the second tide, the tracer exhibited an almost uniform vertical velocity distribution. This differing behaviour suggests that, in the first tide, the tracer had not reached equilibrium within the transport system, pointing to a considerable time lag between injection and complete mixing. This issue has important implications for the interpretation of tracer data, indicating that short term tracer experiments tend to overestimate transport rates. In this work, therefore, longshore estimates were based on tracer results obtained during the second tide.

The estimated total longshore transport rate at Comporta Beach was 2 × 10^− 3 m³/s, more than four times larger than predicted using standard empirical longshore formulas. This discrepancy, which results from the unusually large active moving layer observed during the experiment, confirms the idea that most common longshore transport equations under-estimate total sediment transport in plunging/surging waves.     

南极中山站大气气溶胶的化学组成及其来源的判别

从1998年3月7日至1999年11月23日历时21个月，在南极中山站连续采集89个海洋气溶胶样品，本文提供全部样品的13种化学元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Fe、Al、Mn、Cr、V、K、Na、Ca、Mg含量的实测值．研究表明中山站气溶胶化学成份的含量具有季节性变化的特征．通过相关分析、因子分析、富集因子等方法判别不同时间段中山站气溶胶化学成份的来源。     

Depth and Seasonal Distribution of Some Groups of the Vagile Fauna of the Posidonia oceanica Leaf Stratum: Structural and Trophic Analyses

Abstract. The taxonomical and trophic structures of the vagile fauna communities of the leaf stratum in a Posidonia oceanica meadow at Ischia (Gulf of Naples, Italy) were investigated at five stations along a depth gradient (1 to 25 m). Sampling was performed in July, November, February, and May. The analyzed groups - polychaetes, molluscs, tanaids, isopods, amphipods, and decapods - exhibited similar distributional trends in all seasons, with coenotic discontinuities occurring at well-defined depths. The same zonation pattern was produced by feeding-guild analysis. Eleven trophic groups were identified. The most abundant groups were: Herbivores, which were found mainly at the shallow stations; Herbivores-deposit feeders, which were widely distributed along the transect; Deposit feeders-carnivores, found mainly at the deep stations.
This study suggests that in the Posidonia leaf stratum, herbivores and herbivores-deposit feeders, as consumers of epiphytic micro- and macroflora and deposited particulate organic matter, play an important role in the energy transfer from producers to higher trophic levels of the system.     

Use of an optical oxygen sensor to measure dissolved oxygen in seawater

The use of an optical oxygen sensor to measure dissolved oxygen in seawater was investigated. The sensor is based on the dynamic quenching of an oxygen-sensitive fluorochrome embedded in the tip. Dissolved oxygen in seawater samples collected from eight stations at depths ranging from 3000 to 6000 m was analyzed both with the optical sensor and by the Winkler titration method. The two sets of data did not differ significantly. The stability and simplicity of the method and the good agreement of the results with those of the titration method indicate that the sensor would be useful for fieldwork.