Nonlocal Turbulent Mixing Based on Convective Adjustment Concepts (Ntac)

A nonlocal turbulent mixing parameterization is introduced in this study and denoted by the acronym NTAC, which stands for Nonlocal parameterization of Turbulent mixing using convective Adjustment Concepts. NTAC uses the average value of quantities in the turbulent domain in much the same way that local convective adjustment schemes use the average potential temperature. Averages are determined in the region with non-convective turbulence using information from the two end layers (denoted by TLA, Two Layer Average), while all layers contribute to the average in regions with convective turbulence (denoted by CLA, Convective Layer Average). The NTAC parameterization estimates the mixing percentage and uses this percentage as a mixing coefficient. These percentages are determined from a simplified turbulent kinetic energy equation. The scheme is versatile, conservative, and when programmed efficiently the proposed parameterization is a computationally acceptable nonlocal procedure that can be used in many existing numerical weather prediction forecast models.Numerical weather forecast model simulations using the NTAC parameterization and traditional K-theory are compared against radiosonde data. The accuracy of the proposed NTAC parameterization is found to be competitive with K theory. The greatest improvement of the NTAC over K-theory occurs during the daytime and early nighttime hours when (dry) convective activity is high. Also, areal cloud coverage is increased by the NTAC parameterization. Our findings show that the greatest nonlocal vertical mixing occurs between the layer nearest the earth's surface and the remaining layers making up the planetary boundary layer.     

海南岛戈枕含金剪切带构造应力与物质调查对应关系的初步探讨

通过系统地野外地质调查,取样和分析测试,结合计算机模拟,探讨戈枕含金剪切带物质在构造应力作用下的调整,结果表明剪切构造应力对物质的调整具有一定的对应规律,是金富集成矿的重要因素。     

上海市高速公路网框架点GPS定位测量数据处理与分析

以上海市高速公路网及若干主要国道的道路框架点GPS控制网施测及观测数据处理为例,详细分析和总结了中长距离道路导线形式GPS控制网的设计布设方法、网的稳定度和数据处理经验。     

SPATIAL CONSTRAINTS ON WOMEN'S WORK IN TARIJA,BOLIVIA

ABSTRACT. This geography of women's work in the less‐developed world is set in Tarija, Bolivia, a small city that has been dramatically changed by economic crisis and structural‐adjustment programs. Explored is the spatial component of women's economic activities in a low‐income barrio following the imposition of structural‐adjustment programs in the 1980s and 1990s. Women who pursue employment away from home must rely on other women. In particular, households that include more than one woman who is capable of handling important daily chores are more likely to have a woman engaged in income‐generating activities away from the home and the neighborhood. Women at home make it possible for other women to extend their economic activity into the broader community. These findings are important because they draw attention to women's reliance on other women, how women use space, and how they are constrained by spatial factors as they negotiate their daily lives.     

初论邵武-河源断裂带的活动性

邵武－河源断裂带包含３条形态各异,特征不同的较大断裂带,北段为邵武－石城断裂带,中段为瑞金－寻乌断裂断,南段为龙川－河源断裂带。本文侧重阐述,分析江西境内该断裂带挽近地质时期的活动及与之有关的地貌,地震,温泉和地裂缝特征,探讨其活动性以及对地壳稳定性的影响。分析认为,邵武－河源断裂带现今还处于活跃期,但引起高级别地震可能性比较小,分散小震有可能发生。     

GPS变形监测网的数据处理理论与方法

应用ＧＰＳ取代传统的地表变形监测网,可以提高外业观测的效率,而ＧＰＳ观测值上三维基线向量,平差结果是地心坐标系的三维坐标。通过多项重复观测数据的动态平差,可获得各监测站的三维移动,三维速率,并可求出加速率。本文研究了三维监测网的分期动态平差方法,平差基准的选取和平差成果的利用。     

基于GIS的工业布局调整信息系统的设计与开发--以上海市工业布局调整信息系统为例

本文以上海市工业企业布局调整地理信息系统为例,阐述了基于GIS的工业企业布局调整信息系统的建立.     

城市测量平差系统的编制与实现

介绍了测量平差系统软件的编制和实现过程及本系统的优点和包含内容。     

基于滤波及起算数据误差的验后估计法

针对起算数据具有误差时现有处理方法的缺陷,巧妙地利用了真值和估值之间的关系处理起算数据误差,提出了基于滤波的顾及起算数据误差的验后估计法,剔除了起算数据误差的影响,得出相对于起算数据误差基准的平差结果。平差计算与随机模型的验后估计同时进行,使数据处理得更加完善。     

GPS测量在石佛寺水库施控网中的应用

ＧＰＳ技术在水利水电工程测量中已得到广泛应用,本文通过利用ＧＰＳ建立石佛寺水库施控网的实践,探讨了ＧＰＳ网的布设、实施、数据处理、平差等几方面的有关问题。