全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1439篇 |
免费 | 93篇 |
国内免费 | 87篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 806篇 |
大气科学 | 96篇 |
地球物理 | 126篇 |
地质学 | 166篇 |
海洋学 | 77篇 |
天文学 | 57篇 |
综合类 | 131篇 |
自然地理 | 160篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 21篇 |
2021年 | 29篇 |
2020年 | 36篇 |
2019年 | 47篇 |
2018年 | 20篇 |
2017年 | 53篇 |
2016年 | 50篇 |
2015年 | 70篇 |
2014年 | 67篇 |
2013年 | 88篇 |
2012年 | 103篇 |
2011年 | 98篇 |
2010年 | 54篇 |
2009年 | 75篇 |
2008年 | 78篇 |
2007年 | 83篇 |
2006年 | 79篇 |
2005年 | 57篇 |
2004年 | 62篇 |
2003年 | 53篇 |
2002年 | 57篇 |
2001年 | 52篇 |
2000年 | 36篇 |
1999年 | 32篇 |
1998年 | 33篇 |
1997年 | 24篇 |
1996年 | 27篇 |
1995年 | 31篇 |
1994年 | 21篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1619条查询结果,搜索用时 109 毫秒
231.
We consider the evolution of the hydraulic geometry of sand-bed meandering rivers. We study the difference between the timescale of longitudinal river profile adjustment and that of channel width and depth adjustment. We also study the effect of hydrological regime alteration on the evolution of bankfull channel geometry. To achieve this, a previously developed model for the spatiotemporal co-evolution of bankfull channel characteristics, including bankfull discharge, bankfull width, bankfull depth and down-channel bed slope, is used. In our modelling framework, flow variability is considered in terms of a specified flow duration curve. Taking advantage of this unique feature, we identify the flow range responsible for long-term bankfull channel change within the specified flow duration curve. That is, the relative importance of extremely high short-duration flows compared to moderately high longer duration flows is examined. The Minnesota River, MN, USA, an actively meandering sand-bed stream, is selected for a case study. The longitudinal profile of the study reach has been in adjustment toward equilibrium since the end of the last glaciation, while its bankfull cross-section is rapidly widening due to hydrological regime change in the last several decades. We use the model to demonstrate that the timescale for longitudinal channel profile adjustment is much greater than the timescale for cross-sectional profile adjustment due to a lateral channel shift. We also show that hydrological regime shift is responsible for the recent rapid widening of the Minnesota River. Our analysis suggests that increases in the 5–25% exceedance flows play a more significant role in recent bankfull channel enlargement of the Minnesota River than increase in either the 0.1% exceedance flow or the 90% exceedance flow. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
232.
233.
Helmert方差分量估计是一种根据验后信息重新定权来保证观测值权值合理的方法之一,在很多领域已经得到了广泛的应用。本文把Helmert方差分量估计引入跨江水准测量的数据处理中,使观测数据的权值更加合理,平差结果更加准确。 相似文献
234.
通过运用附有条件的条件平差原理解算附有限制条件的间接平差模型,以及运用附有限制条件的间接平差原理解算附有条件的条件平差模型,推证得出结论:对于同一个平差问题而言,这两种平差模型是完全等价的,都可作为各种经典平差模型的概括平差模型。 相似文献
235.
236.
Vegetation turnover in a braided river: frequency and effectiveness of floods of different magnitude
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《地球表面变化过程与地形》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Nicola Surian Matteo Barban Luca Ziliani Giovanni Monegato Walter Bertoldi Francesco Comiti 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2015,40(4):542-558
This work addresses the temporal dynamics of riparian vegetation in large braided rivers, exploring the relationship between vegetation erosion and flood magnitude. In particular, it investigates the existence of a threshold discharge, or a range of discharges, above which erosion of vegetated patches within the channel occurs. The research was conducted on a 14 km long reach of the Tagliamento River, a braided river in north‐eastern Italy. Ten sets of aerial photographs were used to investigate vegetation dynamics in the period 1954–2011. By using different geographic information system (GIS) procedures, three aspects of geomorphic‐vegetation dynamics and interactions were addressed: (i) long‐term (1954–2011) channel evolution and vegetation dynamics; (ii) the relationship between vegetation erosion/establishment and flow regime; (iii) vegetation turnover, in the period 1986–2011. Results show that vegetation turnover is remarkably rapid in the study reach with 50% of in‐channel vegetation persisting for less than 5–6 years and only 10% of vegetation persisting for more than 18–19 years. The analysis shows that significant vegetation erosion is determined by relatively frequent floods, i.e. floods with a recurrence interval of c. 1–2.5 years, although some differences exist between sub‐reaches with different densities of vegetation cover. These findings suggest that the erosion of riparian vegetation in braided rivers may not be controlled solely by very large floods, as is the case for lower energy gravel‐bed rivers. Besides flow regime, other factors seem to play a significant role for in‐channel vegetation cover over long time spans. In particular, erosion of marginal vegetation, which supplies large wood elements to the channel, increased notably over the study period and was an important factor for in‐channel vegetation trends. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
237.
为实现水土流失区植被遥感信息的准确提取,本文采用2007年ALOS 10 m多光谱影像,利用土壤调节植被指数SAVI和MSAVI,对福建长汀水土流失区马尾松林不同植被覆盖密度的3个实验区进行植被提取,并选用不同的土壤调节因子(L=0.25,0.5,0.75,1)做实验,将结果和以NDVI植被指数提取的结果进行对比,分析了提取效果及受土壤噪音的影响程度。实验表明,SAVI指数能提高水土流失区的植被提取精度。在中、低植被覆盖区,其提取的总精度比NDVI高出2%~7%,Kappa系数高出7%~18%;而土壤调节因子L的取值对植被信息的提取也呈现出一定的规律性,即:随着L从0向1递增,SAVI提取稀疏植被的能力上升而探测阴坡植被的能力下降。总体来看,对于低植被覆盖和中等植被覆盖地区,可分别用SAVI(L取0.75)和SAVI(L取0.5)来提取植被信息,对于高植被覆盖区,仍可直接用NDVI进行植被信息提取;研究发现MSAVI在植被信息提取中并不具有特别的优势。 相似文献
238.
Mitigating systematic error in topographic models derived from UAV and ground‐based image networks
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《地球表面变化过程与地形》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
High resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) are increasingly produced from photographs acquired with consumer cameras, both from the ground and from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). However, although such DEMs may achieve centimetric detail, they can also display systematic broad‐scale error that restricts their wider use. Such errors which, in typical UAV data are expressed as a vertical ‘doming’ of the surface, result from a combination of near‐parallel imaging directions and inaccurate correction of radial lens distortion. Using simulations of multi‐image networks with near‐parallel viewing directions, we show that enabling camera self‐calibration as part of the bundle adjustment process inherently leads to erroneous radial distortion estimates and associated DEM error. This effect is relevant whether a traditional photogrammetric or newer structure‐from‐motion (SfM) approach is used, but errors are expected to be more pronounced in SfM‐based DEMs, for which use of control and check point measurements are typically more limited. Systematic DEM error can be significantly reduced by the additional capture and inclusion of oblique images in the image network; we provide practical flight plan solutions for fixed wing or rotor‐based UAVs that, in the absence of control points, can reduce DEM error by up to two orders of magnitude. The magnitude of doming error shows a linear relationship with radial distortion and we show how characterization of this relationship allows an improved distortion estimate and, hence, existing datasets to be optimally reprocessed. Although focussed on UAV surveying, our results are also relevant to ground‐based image capture. © 2014 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 相似文献
239.
240.
高精度大幅面图纸分块扫描拼接技术研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对当前大幅面图纸分块扫描拼接中存在的问题,提出一种基于改正扫描仪误差的大幅图纸整体平差的拼接方法.该方法通过平移黑白相间的格网板建立扫描仪的误差模型,同时利用少量的控制点及连接点,然后通过整体平差来直接解求各扫描图像块的几何变换参数.实践证明这种方法具有拼接精度高、速度快以及可不限图幅大小等优点. 相似文献