基于倾斜摄影场景模型的真正射影像获取技术研究

依据计算机图形学原理,探讨了一种从倾斜摄影三维模型中提取真正射影像的方法,并研发了一套真正射影像获取的软件系统,可为倾斜摄影三维模型的单体化提供数据服务。     

Temporal statistical downscaling of precipitation and temperature forecasts using a stochastic weather generator

Statistical downscaling is based on the fact that the large-scale climatic state and regional/local physiographic features control the regional climate. In the present paper, a stochastic weather generator is applied to seasonal precipitation and temperature forecasts produced by the International Research Institute for Climate and Society(IRI). In conjunction with the GLM(generalized linear modeling) weather generator, a resampling scheme is used to translate the uncertainty in the seasonal forecasts(the IRI format only specifies probabilities for three categories: below normal, near normal, and above normal) into the corresponding uncertainty for the daily weather statistics. The method is able to generate potentially useful shifts in the probability distributions of seasonally aggregated precipitation and minimum and maximum temperature, as well as more meaningful daily weather statistics for crop yields, such as the number of dry days and the amount of precipitation on wet days. The approach is extended to the case of climate change scenarios, treating a hypothetical return to a previously observed drier regime in the Pampas.     

侧伏矿体的布孔方法

本文介绍侧伏矿体的三种布孔方法,1)倾伏线投影法:根据矿体地表产状用赤平投影等方法求出矿体延深的投影范围,然后布孔.2)矿体轴线法:先编制矿体各中段水平投影图,求出矿体轴线,然后根据该轴线下廷方向布置占孔.3)纵投影法:根掘控制孔见矿情况,在纵投影图上圈定矿体边界,用此图结合剖面图布置占孔.     

光电测距边的投影计算

本文对光电测距边计算水平距离的几个公式进行了分析,并就计算结果所在的高程面进行了讨论,给出了归化到椭球体面上的统一公式.     

ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HUASHAN PIEDMONT NORMAL FAULT: INSIGHTS FROM FLUVIAL GEOMORPHIC PARAMETERS

The Huashan piedmont fault, forming a part of the southern margin of the Weihe graben, is one of the important normal faults that control the subsidence of the intracontinental rift. Developing on the footwall of the fault, the Huashan block has experienced rapid cooling during the Cenozoic, especially since the early-middle Miocene. Mountain exhumation causes and transports a great amount of sediments to the adjacent hanging wall, setting a typical case of mountain-basin coupling system. Studies on active tectonics, historical and paleo earthquakes and field investigations reveal that the middle section(Huaxian-Huayin)of the fault is much more active than the west(Lantian-Huaxian)and east(Huayin-Lingbao)sections.
We extracted channel profiles of rivers that originate from the main water divide of the northern flank of the Huashan Mountain. Based on the method of slope-area analysis and the integral approach, we identified knickpoints, calculated channel concavity and steepness indices, and constructed paleo river profiles. Of most rivers, the concavities are within a relatively narrow range of 0.3~0.6, with no obvious correlation with tectonics. However, channel steepness and knickpoint distribution vary spatially. In the east section, rivers are under steady-state with smooth, concave-up channels and lower steepness((104±30)m^0.9). In the other two sections, rivers are mainly under transient state with slope-break knickpoints. For the channel segments below knickpoints, steepness indices are much higher in the middle section((230±92)m^0.9)than in the west((152±53)m^0.9). Thus, the variance of fault activity can be reflected by channel steepness pattern. Above the knickpoints, channel steepness indices are much lower(middle(103±23)m^0.9, west(60±14)m^0.9). What's more, we found a statistically significant power-law scaling between knickpoint retreat distance and catchment drainage area. Thus, we attributed these knickpoints to be the results of recent rapid uplift of the Huashan block. The relief of paleo channels(middle(1000±153)m, west(751±170)m)accounts for~60%~80% of the relief of modern rivers(middle(1323±249)m, west(1057±231)m), which means that ~20%~40% of modern channel relief was caused by the episode of the rapid uplift. Assuming a balance between the rates of rock uplift and downstream river incision, a power-law function between uplift rates and channel steepness can be derived. According to the fault throw rates of the middle section 1.5~3mm/a(since late Pleistocene), we constrained slope exponent n~0.5 and channel erodibility K~1.5×10^-4m^0.55/a. Combining the knickpoint age formula, we estimated that the rapid mountain uplift/fault throw began at ~(0.55±0.25)Ma BP. Therefore, the middle of the Huashan piedmont fault is more active than the west and east sections. The fast fault throw of the west and middle sections since the middle Pleistocene has caused rapid mountain uplift and high topographic relief.     

多层次模糊模型综合评判城市环境质量

城市环境质量综合评价中,影响环境的因素很多。这众多的因素在不同的层次中对城市环境起综合的影响作用,它们往往带有“模糊性”。采用一般数学方法难于揭示其客观的结论,更难于在不同城市或区域之间进行有效的比较。本文采用模糊数学对其诸因素进行多层次综合评判,用其各个等段上的隶属度反映城市环境质量的综合定性结论,并与等级模糊映射值的转置矩阵进行运算,得出各个城市或城区环境质量综合评价值,用综合评价值相比较有效地反映出各城市环境质量优劣水平。     

基于CAC的一类通用多焦点地图投影

本文从新的角度提出了一类在计算机辅助制图情况下具有灵活、通用性的多焦点地图投影方法。介绍了这种方法的原理、给出了若干可满足用户复杂需求的投影公式及其相应的算例。利用本文提出的方法,不仅能够概括或产生大部分现有的变比例尺、多焦点地图投影,而且可以获得更为广泛的结果。     

m=n~k圆锥投影

本文讨论球体m=n~k的圆锥投影,导出了高纬及低纬地区的公式及其问的关系以及中纬地区公式及累加算法。文章还讨论了椭球m=n~k的圆锥投影公式和常数计算方法以及双标准纬线m=n~k的圆锥投影中参数与投影变形的关系;最后指出了该投影的研究价值和应用情况。     

论柴达木盆地成图的数学基础

本文从柴达木盆地石油地质勘探成图的实际需要出发,提出用兰勃脱正轴等角割圆锥投影取代高斯投影,从而解决了柴达木盆地成图坐标系统不统一的矛盾,有利于盆地的石油地质勘探的整体设计规划。     

Appraisal of ground vibration from civil engineering construction

Amplitude and style of ground vibration from two types of pile driving — vibrodriver (periodic) and drophammer (transient) — are considered for the analysis of deformation in a portal frame structure. It is argued that the three-dimensional character of the vibration should be determined in the form of a resultant vector and this requires the measurement of vibration in three directions at right angles together with information on the sense of the motion along each orthogonal axis of vibration. Such resultant vector data during the period of vibration are best processed and presented in the style of a suite of hemispherical projections that comprise upper and lower hemisphere forms, respectively embodying components of upward and downward vibrational motion. It is shown that analysis for the dynamic stability of a simple block foundation is assisted by reference to the hemispherical projection representation and by the use of ground surface acceleration data.