基于C#的三维电离层模型投影矩阵的计算

叙述了格网电离层模型的建立原理和数学模型,重点探讨了确定三维电离层模型投影矩阵的计算方法和过程.借用某一区域CORS站的数据,利用C#语言实现了三维电离层模型投影矩阵.     

构建全球纹理金字塔中投影变形纠正问题研究

在对地图投影中的高斯-克吕格投影和墨卡托投影研究的基础上,设计并实现了一种影像纠正算法,解决了构建全球纹理金字塔中普通UTM投影中位图的变形问题,大大提高了金字塔纹理在全球三维可视化系统中的绘制效果和显示位置的准确性,研究的相关成果主要应用于全球海量纹理数据入库.     

中国省级间农产品虚拟水流动适宜性评价

尝试从农业生产安全系统、支持系统和水资源安全系统人手,共选取18个指标,构建我国国内农产品虚拟水流动适宜性评价指标体系.运用层次分析法和投影寻踪等方法对我国31个省级行政区农产品虚拟水流动适宜性程度进行定量评价.结果表明:吉林、黑龙江、湖南、上海、北京等地农产品虚拟水流动适宜性程度最高,而宁夏、西藏的适宜性程度最低.对...     

Errors in LiDAR-derived shrub height and crown area on sloped terrain

This study developed and tested four methods for shrub height measurements with airborne LiDAR data in a semiarid shrub-steppe in southwestern Idaho, USA. Unique to this study was the focus of sagebrush height measurements on sloped terrain. The study also developed one of the first methods towards estimating crown area of sagebrush from LiDAR. Both sagebrush height and crown area were underestimated by LiDAR. Sagebrush height was estimated to within ± 0.26-0.32 mm (two standard deviations of standard error). Crown area was underestimated by a mean of 49%. Further, hillslope had a relatively low impact on sagebrush height and crown area estimation. From a management perspective, estimation of individual shrubs over large geographic areas can be accomplished using a 0.5 m rasterized vegetation height derivative from LiDAR. While the underestimation of crown area is substantial, we suggest that this underestimation would improve with higher LiDAR point density (>4 points/m²). Further studies can estimate shrub biomass using LiDAR height and crown area derivatives.     

An improved Monte Carlo simulation method for discontinuity orientations based on Fisher distribution and its program implementation

Fisher distribution is the most commonly used probability density function for discontinuity orientations. Based on Fisher distribution, Monte Carlo simulation method for discontinuity orientations was reviewed and improved. Those orientations extending beyond the edge of an upper hemisphere projection (OEBEUHP) often have an important influence on both the mean orientation and Fisher constant K, thus affecting simulation results. The detailed algorithms for identifying and adjusting those OEBEUHP were developed in this paper. Based on the improved method, a program for generating discontinuity orientations and plotting their stereographic projection maps, named as MCSDO, was developed. Due to the aforementioned adjustment, the generated orientations by MCSDO are close to the original discontinuity orientations, which were mapped in field, and satisfactory. Only the original orientations and target number of generated orientations need to be input. By running the program we can directly obtain the follows: orientations of generated discontinuities, mean orientations of both original and generated discontinuities, Fisher constant K of both original and generated discontinuities, and stereographic projection maps of both original and generated discontinuities. MCSDO is a freeware designed for researchers and practicing engineers, and can be easily mastered with a little computer knowledge.     

Demand projection of natural gas in China based on the hybrid model of sector consumption

As a main clean energy in China, natural gas has received great attention under the requirement of the low-carbon development strategy. The demand projection of natural gas in China is very important for energy policymakers in future energy sources planning. The natural gas demand is influenced by a series of factors, which have a huge causal impact on demand projection. Therefore, the authors analyzed the influencing factors and the sector consumption of natural gas, and focused on the industrial, residential and transport sector to build a hybrid model. Based on the unit root tests, co-integration test and Granger causality test, the influencing factors of the natural gas demand were identified. Then the grey model and regression analysis were utilized to predict the demand for each factor. Finally, based on the projection above, the total natural gas demand for China will be 6 378.6×10⁸ m³ in 2025.     

地图投影与地缘政治理论构建——以麦金德地缘政治思想为例

地缘政治理论的提出和发展深刻烙印了地图的影响。在地缘政治发展史中,不同地图投影既服务于各思想家的理论提出,也深入到各思想家在不同时期对自身理论的动态修正。地图投影到底是如何参与到地缘政治理论构建过程中的?本文在既有地缘政治地图研究的基础上,从空间性和文本性两大地图基本属性出发,通过阐释并沟通地图的空间分析与话语分析功能,探讨地图投影与地缘政治理论构建间的关系。一方面,地图投影变形抽象后的心象地图框架为构建地缘政治理论提供了空间依托;另一方面,地图投影通过地图变形在复杂情境中聚集了丰富的文本性含义。在地图投影各层次文本性的互文（互补性叙事）下,新的地图话语得以产生并渗透进心象地图,具象式推动了地缘政治理论核心概念的生成和逻辑关系的构建。综合考虑麦金德的地图观影响,本文对麦金德“心脏地带”地缘政治思想变迁各阶段（1904年、1919年、1943年）地图投影透视的分析验证了该关系框架的解释力。这启示该分析框架在其他地缘政治理论研究中的潜在适用性,更期待在百年变局和复兴全局等交织下的复杂情境中,基于地图投影创新互文下的中国地缘政治理论构建。     

北京市2006-2016绿色发展水平时空演变特征研究

绿色发展是实现全球可持续发展目标的重要途径。如何平衡经济发展与环境保护,已成为中国首都北京面临的巨大挑战,其研究成果与实践经验可以为其他城市的生态文明建设和绿色发展提供参考建议。本文以北京市2006-2016年的统计数据为基础,构建了北京市绿色发展评价体系,并运用投影寻踪模型和空间分析方法,分析了北京市绿色发展水平的时空演化特征,并进一步探讨了研究期间北京市绿色发展的主导因素。研究结果表明:(1)北京市绿色发展的总体水平和平均水平均呈现明显的上升趋势;(2)北京市各功能区绿色发展存在明显的空间差异,城市外区绿色水平明显高于内区;(3)生态环境以及消费水平是影响北京绿色发展的两个重要因素。     

面向建筑物变形监测的图像量测技术

本文面向建筑物变形监测,设计并开发了一整套可对远距离、室外成像的标志中心进行精确定位的新技术,其重点在于整像素边缘定位和数据质量控制。提出了最大梯度投影概念,以最大梯度投影替代传统梯度算子计算标志的整像素边缘,并在此基础上提出改进的边缘细化算法,同时引入曲率筛选方法,形成一整套整像素边缘定位新技术,规避室外成像环境的不确定干扰,以获取完整、准确的整像素细化边缘。在亚像素中心定位后,以统计理论为框架设计了一套数据质量控制机制,筛选并保留满足统计限值的定位结果参与最终的定位计算,有效控制了相机拍照时轻微晃动给中心定位引入的误差。在不同的自然环境、背景及摄程下进行实测,结果表明,该图像定位方法具有定位性能稳定、定位精度高、处理速度快、对成像设备要求低、对室外环境适应性强等优势。使用标配镜头的主流单反相机,200 m摄程内的标志中心定位精度在3.5 mm内,可应用于建筑物变形监测。     

High-resolution CASSINI-VIMS mosaics of Titan and the icy Saturnian satellites

The Visual Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) onboard the CASSINI spacecraft obtained new spectral data of the icy satellites of Saturn after its arrival at Saturn in June 2004. VIMS operates in a spectral range from 0.35 to 5.2 μm, generating image cubes in which each pixel represents a spectrum consisting of 352 contiguous wavebands.As an imaging spectrometer VIMS combines the characteristics of both a spectrometer and an imaging instrument. This makes it possible to analyze the spectrum of each pixel separately and to map the spectral characteristics spatially, which is important to study the relationships between spectral information and geological and geomorphologic surface features.The spatial analysis of the spectral data requires the determination of the exact geographic position of each pixel on the specific surface and that all 352 spectral elements of each pixel show the same region of the target. We developed a method to reproject each pixel geometrically and to convert the spectral data into map projected image cubes. This method can also be applied to mosaic different VIMS observations. Based on these mosaics, maps of the spectral properties for each Saturnian satellite can be derived and attributed to geographic positions as well as to geological and geomorphologic surface features. These map-projected mosaics are the basis for all further investigations.