机载气象雷达扫描的理想模型仿真算法

利用地基多普勒天气雷达数据,提出机载雷达扫描的模拟仿真算法,并建立了仿真扫描的理论模型。该模型利用数据分层几何投影,处理速度较快、精度较高,可应用于扇形扫描和圆锥扫描。在理想情况下,设计了消除地物回波的算法及多普勒速度退模糊的算法。试验表明,仿真回波可应用于机载气象雷达实际观测前的扫描方式可行性研究,有助于分析机载雷达探测的云雨回波特性。     

广西4月雨量异常的车比雪夫多项式诊断及预测方法

利用1960—2004年广西4月37个基本站降水量,NCEP/NCAR 1960—2004年逐日500 hPa再分析资料,对广西及邻近区域(10°~30°N,95°~125°E)高度场进行车比雪夫多项式展开,分析了广西4月异常多雨及少雨年降水量与车比雪夫多项式系数的关系及其降水异常的成因;利用相似合成方法对相关较大的车比雪夫多项式因子进行预测,进而作出广西4月降水量多、少的趋势预测,为有效利用近期逐日环流场资料制作短期降水气候预测提供了新的思路和方法。     

IPCC共享社会经济路径下中国和分省人口变化预估

基于2010年第六次中国人口普查数据,采用IPCC发布的可持续发展(SSP1)、中度发展(SSP2)、局部或不一致发展(SSP3)、不均衡发展(SSP4)、常规发展(SSP5)这5种共享社会经济路径,率定人口-发展-环境分析(PDE)模型中的人口生育率、死亡率、迁移率、教育水平等参数,对2011-2100年中国和31个省(区/市)人口变化进行预估。结果表明：1) 不同SSP路径下,中国人口均呈先增加后减少的趋势,在高气候变化挑战的SSP3路径下人口最多,于2035年达到峰值,约14.27亿;在以适应挑战为主的SSP4路径下,人口出现最小值7.02亿。2) SSP1、SSP4和SSP5路径下人均寿命长,人口老龄化严重,其中SSP1和SSP5路径下人均教育水平高,到2100年教育水平在大学以上人口约占总人口的60%;SSP2路径下各年龄段分布比较均衡;SSP3路径下新生人口数量较多,劳动力充足,但教育水平较低。3) 到2100年,SPP3路径下广西人口呈现最大值1.13亿,在其他路径下广东人口最多,达1.29亿。     

风云二号卫星云图在Micaps系统中的定位

利用兰勃特 (L ambert)投影原理 ,建立与风云二号 B星 (FY- 2 B)卫星云图相匹配的底图 ,并实时修改云图中错误的系统定位数据 ,从而解决了 FY- 2 B卫星云图在 Micaps系统 (第一版 )中的定位问题     

CMIP6 Evaluation and Projection of Precipitation over Northern China: Further Investigation

Based on 20 models from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6), this article explored possible reasons for differences in simulation biases and projected changes in precipitation in northern China among the allmodel ensemble(AMME), “highest-ranked” model ensemble(BMME), and “lowest-ranked” model ensemble(WMME),from the perspective of atmospheric circulations and moisture budgets. The results show that the BMME and AMME reproduce the East Asian winter circulations better than...     

CMIP6-WACCM模式对北半球反气旋型Rossby波破碎趋势的预估

利用CMIP6中的CESM2-WACCM模式逐日资料,预估未来2020—2099年SSP2-4.5、SSP3-7.0和SSP5-8.5三种不同排放情景下北半球对流层顶附近反气旋型Rossby波破碎（Anticyclonic Rossby Wave Breaking, AWB）的空间分布、发生频率、水平尺度、对称结构及其长期趋势。总体而言,未来四个季节AWB都在北太平洋和北大西洋有高频区。夏季北太平洋高频区发生频数显著多于北大西洋高频区,其他三季相反。两高频区在三种不同情景下,AWB物质经向输送通常以对称输送为主,但北太平洋区内冬、春、秋三季在SSP2-4.5情景下AWB物质向极净输送,北大西洋区内夏季在SSP2-4.5和SSP5-8.5情景下AWB物质向赤道净输送。未来的长期趋势显示,两高频区内各季节的AWB发生频数、水平尺度和物质向极输送主要呈减小（减少）趋势,且温室气体排放量越大,减小趋势越显著。在SSP5-8.5情景下,北太平洋夏季AWB总面积变化趋势为-365.5个1°×1°标准经纬度网格/10 a,该变化由区域内AWB平均尺度减小（-2.7个标准化网格/10 a）和发生频率减少（-1.9个/10 a）共同导致;该区域的向极输送率变化率为-0.016 5/10 a。北大西洋秋季AWB发生频数变化率为-2.3个/10 a,导致其总面积则以-440.4个标准化网格/10 a的速度减小。     

投影网格中的坐标确定及在台风数值试验中的应用

在数值计算中,对于已知经纬度的某点,需确定其在不同投影法得到的矩形网格中的具体位置坐标.导出在极射赤面投影、麦卡托圆柱投影和兰勃脱正形圆锥投影等算法中确定位置坐标的精确公式.通过台风路径预报对比试验表明:该方法能有效地减少计算误差的引入,具有较好的应用价值.     

Assessment of Snow Depth over Arctic Sea Ice in CMIP6 Models Using Satellite Data

Snow depth over sea ice is an essential variable for understanding the Arctic energy budget.In this study,we evaluate snow depth over Arctic sea ice during 1993-2014 simulated by 31 models from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6)against recent satellite retrievals.The CMIP6 models capture some aspects of the observed snow depth climatology and variability.The observed variability lies in the middle of the models’simulations.All the models show negative trends of snow depth during 1993-2014.However,substantial spatiotemporal discrepancies are identified.Compared to the observation,most models have late seasonal maximum snow depth(by two months),remarkably thinner snow for the seasonal minimum,an incorrect transition from the growth to decay period,and a greatly underestimated interannual variability and thinning trend of snow depth over areas with frequent occurrence of multi-year sea ice.Most models are unable to reproduce the observed snow depth gradient from the Canadian Arctic to the outer areas and the largest thinning rate in the central Arctic.Future projections suggest that snow depth in the Arctic will continue to decrease from 2015 to 2099.Under the SSP5-8.5 scenario,the Arctic will be almost snow-free during the summer and fall and the accumulation of snow starts from January.Further investigation into the possible causes of the issues for the simulated snow depth by some models based on the same family of models suggests that resolution,the inclusion of a hightop atmospheric model,and biogeochemistry processes are important factors for snow depth simulation.     

2015—2050年中国分省城乡人口变化及其影响因素研究

社会经济发展道路的选择影响城乡发展模式,带来城市和农村人口新的分布格局.本文基于IPCC共享社会经济路径（SSPs）框架,采用第六次中国人口普查数据,综合考虑中国人口政策和迁移规律,对人口-发展-环境分析模型（PDE）中的生育率、死亡率和迁移率参数进行本地化处理,开展5种SSPs路径下的中国及分省（区、市）城乡人口预估研究,并分析其变化的主要影响因素.结果表明：1）5种SSPs路径下中国城市人口均有所增加,2015-2050年增长3.4（2.2~3.7）亿人;农村人口持续降低,减少约3.0（1.1~4.0）亿人;到2050年中国城市化率将达到79%（67%~86%）.2）未来中国大部分省份城市人口都将较2015年有所增加,西部省份的增长速度高于东部省份;所有省份农村人口都将明显减少,东部地区农村人口减少幅度高于西部地区.相比2015年,2050年西藏、新疆等地城市人口最多可增加两倍以上;大部分省（区、市）农村人口可减少60%以上.3）未来大部分路径下自然变动对城市和农村人口均由正的影响逐渐变为负影响;机械变动对城市人口影响为正,对农村人口影响为负,影响程度逐渐减小.人口自然变动在东西部省份的差异是导致东西部城乡人口不同变化的主要因素.     

Future changes and uncertainties in temperature and precipitation over China based on CMIP5 models

Climate changes in future 21 st century China and their uncertainties are evaluated based on 22 climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5). By 2081–2100, the annual mean surface air temperature(SAT) is predicted to increase by 1.3℃± 0.7℃, 2.6℃± 0.8℃ and 5.2℃± 1.2℃ under the Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP) scenarios RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, relative to 1986–2005, respectively. The future change in SAT averaged over China increases the most in autumn/winter and the least in spring, while the uncertainty shows little seasonal variation.Spatially, the annual and seasonal mean SAT both show a homogeneous warming pattern across China, with a warming rate increasing from southeastern China to the Tibetan Plateau and northern China, invariant with time and emissions scenario.The associated uncertainty in SAT decreases from northern to southern China. Meanwhile, by 2081–2100, the annual mean precipitation increases by 5% ± 5%, 8% ± 6% and 12% ± 8% under RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. The national average precipitation anomaly percentage, largest in spring and smallest in winter, and its uncertainty, largest in winter and smallest in autumn, show visible seasonal variations. Although at a low confidence level, a homogeneous wetting pattern is projected across China on the annual mean scale, with a larger increasing percentage in northern China and a weak drying in southern China in the early 21 st century. The associated uncertainty is also generally larger in northern China and smaller in southwestern China. In addition, both SAT and precipitation usually show larger seasonal variability on the sub-regional scale compared with the national average.