RDINFO中开放式空问参照系统的设计与实现

介绍了基础地理信息平台软件RDINFO的开放式空间参照系统的设计思想 ,分析了其总体结构 ,提出了其实现方法     

Fracture step structure: geometrical characterization and effects on fluid flow and breakthrough curve

Groundwater flow and solute transport through fractured rock is highly responsive to the hydraulic anisotropy and heterogeneity that are specific to every major fracture. A major fracture is modeled as the combination of some primal master fractures and several splay fractures that branch out from primal master fractures: step structures (or jog parts). Step structures are commonly observed along a major fracture on various scales. Master fractures were formed and developed by shear movement while some splay fractures were formed by extension normal to their wall. This difference in fracturing process may lead to a permeability difference between master fractures and splay fractures which seems to be one of the major factors controlling flow and solute transport through the fracture networks due to its hydraulic anisotropic and heterogeneous features. This study is composed of two major components: (1) identification and characterization of a step structure from borehole data; (2) evaluation of effect of some idealized step structures on breakthrough curve by numerical simulations. The fracture data of four 1000-m boreholes were used to make clear fracture patterns in the Tono area of Japan. Some major fractures were identified using stereographic projection technique. On the basis of these results, several idealized models of a major fracture having a step was constructed for the numerical study. The obtained results from numerical simulations clearly imply that geometry of step structure plays an important role in flow and transport through the fracture networks.     

虚拟地形投影与地球同步卫星定位解全集

基于地球同步卫星定位原理,分析了当利用数字化地形图提供测站高程时测站的多解和无解现象。利用观测方程给出了判断多解和无解的依据,提出了虚拟地形投影方法,获得了“亚稳定”收敛点的定位解子集π2。     

The application of commutative algebra to geodesy: two examples

Algebra, in particular commutative algebra, is applied here to provide a general unified solution to nonlinear systems of equations encountered in geodesy. Starting with the “Abelian group”, the “polynomial ring” is defined and used to form generators of ideals. By applying Buchberger or polynomial resultant algorithms, these generators are reduced to simple structures often comprising a univariate polynomial in one of the unknowns. The advantage of the proposed unified approach is that it provides exact solutions to geodetic nonlinear systems of equations without the traditional requirements of linearization, iterations or approximate starting values. The commutative algebraic approach therefore alleviates the need for isolated exact solutions to various geodetic nonlinear systems of equations. The procedure is applied to GPS meteorology to compute refraction angles, and Helmert’s one-to-one mapping of topographical points onto the reference ellipsoid.     

契比雪夫投影的研究

根据等角投影理论,推导出了契比雪夫投影公式的具体形式,并对契比雪夫投影在制作中国全图的应用和变形与等角方位投影、等角圆锥投影进行了比较分析.结果表明,契比雪夫投影要优于等角方位投影和等角圆锥投影.     

Groups of Parts and Their Balances in Compositional Data Analysis

Amalgamation of parts of a composition has been extensively used as a technique of analysis to achieve reduced dimension, as was discussed during the CoDaWork'03 meeting (Girona, Spain, 2003). It was shown to be a non-linear operation in the simplex that does not preserve distances under perturbation. The discussion motivated the introduction in the present paper of concepts such as group of parts, balance between groups, and sequential binary partition, which are intended to provide tools of compositional data analysis for dimension reduction. Key concepts underlying this development are the established tools of subcomposition, coordinates in an orthogonal basis of the simplex, balancing element and, in general, the Aitchison geometry in the simplex. Main new results are: a method to analyze grouped parts of a compositional vector through the adequate coordinates in an ad hoc orthonormal basis; and the study of balances of groups of parts (inter-group analysis) as an orthogonal projection similar to that used in standard subcompositional analysis (intra-group analysis). A simulated example compares results when testing equal centers of two populations using amalgamated parts and balances; it shows that, in certain circumstances, results from both analysis can disagree.     

苏丹默鲁特盆地石油开发项目数字地形测量技术分析

以苏丹默鲁特盆地石油开发项目的地形测量工程为例,分析国外的石油开发项目地形测量工作涉及的各个方面。文章从测量工程的坐标和投影系统选择、适用作业规范、控制设计和标石埋设、地形图分幅、图面表示、成果质量控制等多方面阐述分析了其特殊性,并总结了一些经验,以期为以后的此类工程提供借鉴意义。     

矩阵运算的几种算法实现探讨

以求解正形变换10参数为例,讨论了分别采用True BASIC语言、Mathematica软件、MATLAB软件和C Builder语言的矩阵运算的算法实现方法,分析了4种算法的计算结果,说明了其相互之间精度相差很小、各有所长。     

Modern chemometric data analysis – methods for the objective evaluation of load in river systems

Environmental data are highly variable. They also include uncertainties resulting from all steps of the analytical process e. g. sampling, or sampling pre‐treatment. However, a lot of information is unfortunately often lost because only univariate statistical methods are used for data evaluation and interpretation. This neglects correlation between different pollutants and relationships among various sampling points. It is therefore necessary to apply additional methods of analysis that can accommodate such relationships. This ability is provided by the established, and by the more modern, multivariate statistical methods because they can analyze complex sets of multidimensional data. These methods are used to visualize large amounts of data and to extract latent information (e. g. differently polluted areas, dischargers, or interactions between different environmental compartments). The goal of this paper is to present the use of established statistical techniques, like cluster or factor analysis, and the progress made in basic modern techniques (e. g. cluster imaging, multiway‐partial least squares regression, projection pursuit, or information theory) and to demonstrate each with examples and illustrations.