基于国际比较的中国原材料工业发展诊断

新世纪以来中国进入新一轮的重化工业加速发展期,原材料工业得以快速发展。“十二五”是中国从工业化中期向工业化后期转变的过渡时期,原材料工业将进入新的发展阶段。通过原材料工业发展的国际比较,发现中国原材料工业在规模、结构、布局、竞争力等方面存在的差距和面临的问题。随着工业化的阶段性转变,借鉴国际原材料工业的发展经验,结合新时期的新挑战,中国原材料工业将进入由规模扩张转向结构调整和升级以及注重增长方式发展的转变时期。     

天津市水资源足迹趋势预测与动态调节

为解决区域水资源相对不足的问题,以天津市为例,从水足迹视角,根据其实际情况,综合运用自上而下和自下而上两种算法,从生产用水(第一产业、第二产业、第三产业)、生活用水、生态用水和污水排放等方面计算了2004—2009年水资源足迹情况,并运用精度较高的拟合函数对其未来几年水资源足迹量、人口数量分别进行了趋势预测,从而得到天津市人均水资源足迹处于下降趋势的结论,并针对这种趋势(2015年将降至617m3),建议从调整产业用水结构、转变虚拟水贸易策略、优化产品消费结构、提高三大产业污水排放达标率、建立水足迹定期监控和预警机制等方面进行动态调节。     

Globalization,economic crisis and Africa's informal economy women workers

The processes of globalization and debt crisis led to dramatic changes in African countries. In the context of a new economic crisis – now on a global scale – it is useful to revisit debates regarding the impact of earlier policies in response to economic crisis on the poor, with a focus on very low‐income informal women workers. In this paper, we adopt a gender analysis framework to examine contending perspectives about the differential impacts of globalization, liberalization and structural adjustment programs on African women and men. We comment on two predominant schools of thought that appear to underlie and define the majority of case studies situated in African countries. While one asserts that globalization and liberalization offer entrepreneurial opportunities for women, an opposing view contends that the neoliberal political and economic reforms connected with structural adjustment policies have been devastating for poor women workers. A review of available empirical research on the responses of informal economy women workers to challenges of increased workload, reduced income and curtailed access to social services, cautions against dogmatic adherence to conceptual perspectives that either assume workers in the informal economy to be dynamic entrepreneurs when they cannot be, or condemn only contemporary policies for conditions that are the product of complex historical processes.     

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ADJUSTMENT FACTORS AND ADJUSTMENT STRUCTURE

1　IntroductionFor 40 yearsprofessorZhouJiangwenpayedat tentiontoadjustmentfactor,whichplaysanimpor tantroleinadjustmentstructure.However,until1 992theinvestigationsandexplorationsindetailswerepublishedonlyinChinese[1 - 3] .Themaincon clusionsareasfollows,“theadjustmentfactorsinma trixformsrepresentthenatureoftheadjustmentstructure,andanindicatoroftheoverallevaluationofthequality”,“promotingdirectapplications”[2 ] .Theauthoragreeswiththeaboveconclusions,andalsopromotestheirdirectapplicat…     

起算数据误差对平差结果的影响和检验

当起算数据误差较大时，应顾及它们对平差结果的影响。探讨了在起算数据误差Δλ的数学期望Ｅ（Δλ）≠０的情况下，非基准起算数据误差对未知参数平差值和单位权中误差估值的影响，同时讨论了非基准起算数据误差的检验方法。     

横向密度不均匀计算中的分层与密度调整

利用实际地球物理资料模拟大地水准面的短波长部分时要计算地形质量、界面起伏及横向密度不均匀的影响。由于横向密度不均匀受界面上下密度差的影响，在假设积分块体密度径向分层均匀的情况下讨论了横向密度不均匀计算中如何进行分层与密度调整。     

A development of the discontinuous deformation analysis for rock fall analysis

Discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA), a discrete numerical analysis method, is used to simulate the behaviour of falling rock by applying a linear displacement function in the computations. However, when a block rotates, this linear function causes a change in block size called the free expansion phenomenon. In addition, this free expansion results in contact identification problems when the rotating blocks are close to each other. To solve this problem of misjudgment and to obtain a more precise simulation of the falling rock, a new method called Post‐Contact Adjustment Method has been developed and applied to the program. The basic procedure of this new method can be divided into three stages: using the linear displacement function to generate the global matrix, introducing the non‐linear displacement function to the contact identification, and applying it to update the co‐ordinates of block vertices. This new method can be easily applied to the original DDA program, demonstrating better contact identification and size conservation results for falling rock problems than the original program. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

光学反射望远镜主、副镜安装调整不良引起的象差

一架先进的设计、精心加工的光学望远镜,在工厂或组装车间检查光学质量合格后,在观测地点安装调整后必须要经过检验。因为在安装调整中,如果光学部件(如主镜和副镜)的光轴有横向偏离、倾斜,或者相互间距有偏差,都会使星象质量变坏。以我台将要进口的2.4m反射望远镜为例,讨论了在主副镜的安装调整中若产生误差,给星象质量带来的影响,从而可作为检验和验收望远镜时的参考。     

混合Gamma分布的LJ1-01夜间灯光去噪算法——以沪宁杭都市圈为例

为了将人类活动引起的有效光点与非人类活动引起的噪声点区分开来、提高特征目标提取和分析中的提取精度,该文提出了一种混合卡方分布算法对LJ1-01夜光数据进行去噪。由于LJ1-01数据符合卡方分布,但单卡方拟合精度较低,因此使用多个卡方的叠加来表示LJ1-01数据和噪声子集,并基于最小二乘原理,结合有效统计灯光值构造间接平差方程,求解各叠加态的比例;然后,基于比例构建具有高拟合精度的连续概率密度曲线;最后,构建了丰度函数,并以原始图像中不同噪声子集的权重中心的偏移量去除噪声。为了验证算法的通用性和稳定性,选择不同的噪声子集并与正态分布算法对比,实验结果表明该文算法对噪声去除效果较好。