Black carbon aerosols and their radiative properties in the Pearl River Delta region

The climatic and environmental effects of atmospheric aerosols are a hot topic in global science community, and radiative properties of the aerosols are one of the important parameters in assessing climatic change. Here we studied the black carbon concentration and absorption coefficient measured with aethalometers, scattering coefficient measured with nephelometers, and single scattering albedo derived at an atmospheric composition watch station in Guangzhou from 2004 to 2007. Our main results are as follows. The data of black carbon concentration and absorption coefficients measured with instruments cannot be directly used until they are measured in parallel with internationally accepted instruments for comparison, calibration, and reduction. After evaluation of the data, the result shows that the monthly mean of BC concentration varies 3.1–14.8 μg·m⁻³ and the concentration decreases by about 1 μg·m⁻³ in average over the four years; It is higher in the dry season with a multi-year mean of 8.9 μg/m³ and lower in the rainy season with a multi-year mean of 8.0 μg·m⁻³; The extreme maximum of monthly mean concentration occurred in December 2004 and extreme minimum in July 2007, and a 4-year mean is 8.4 μg·m⁻³. It is also shown that monthly mean scattering coefficient derived varies 129 −565 Mm⁻¹, monthly mean absorption coefficient 32–139 Mm⁻¹, and monthly mean single scattering albedo 0.71–0.91, with annual mean values of 0.80, 0.82, 0.79 and 0.84 for 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. Three instruments were used to take simultaneous measurements of BC in PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and PM₁ and the results showed that PM_2.5 took up about 90% of PM₁₀ and PM₁ accounted for about 68% of PM_2.5, and BC aerosols are mainly present in fine particulates. The variability of BC concentrations is quite consistent between the Nancun station (141 m above sea level) and the Panyu station (13 m above sea level), which are 8 km apart from each other. The concentration in higher altitude station (Panyu) is consistently lower than the lower altitude station (Nancun), and the difference of annual mean is about 4 μg·m⁻³. Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U0733004, 40375002, 40418008, 40775011), National High Technology R & D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2006AA06A306 and 2006AA06A308) and National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2005CB422207)     

淮河流域周村水库夏季CDOM吸收光谱特征、空间分布及其来源分析

基于2015年8月采集的24个淮河流域以周村水源水库为代表的表层水样的有色溶解性有机物(CDOM)吸收系数数据,研究了CDOM吸收光谱的空间分布特征,考察了CDOM的吸收系数与水质参数的相关关系,同时探讨了周村水库夏季CDOM的潜在来源.结果显示:依据CDOM的吸收光谱空间分布特性及采样点分布特征,周村水库分为入库口、过渡区和主库区3个特征水域;CDOM的吸收系数沿入库口到主库区依次递减,S值呈现相反的趋势;分析发现S240~500与a(355)和a*(355)呈极显著负相关(R~2=0.98、0.88);CDOM吸收系数a(355)与溶解性有机碳(DOC)浓度具有良好的线性相关,有利于建立DOC遥感反演模型;同时,CDOM吸收系数a(355)与a_(ph)(440)存在极显著正线性相关,表明浮游植物的新陈代谢及其降解产物是夏季周村水库CDOM的潜在来源.综上,通过对夏季周村水库水体CDOM的研究,丰富了关于水源水体CDOM的调查资料,可为日后水库的管理提供技术支撑.     

基于小波变换的吸收衰减技术在塔河油田储层预测中的应用研究

塔河油田碳酸盐岩储集层埋藏较深,一般都在5000m以下,储集层主要为碳酸盐岩裂缝和溶蚀缝洞系统,纵横向非均质性强,储集层横向预测困难.本文介绍了小波变换的基本理论,利用小波变换的局部化分析特征引入吸收衰减分析技术中,根据塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层情况设计了接近实际深度的理论模型,并对模型正演结果进行了吸收衰减分析,验证了其可行性,最后对塔河油田实际数据进行处理,含油气性预测结果跟实际钻井非常吻合,证实了方法的有效性.     

福建明溪天然蓝宝石在氩气气氛中的改色实验研究

明溪天然蓝宝石主要呈色元素为Fe和Ti，颜色常带有黄、绿或紫色调，颜色不纯正。在温度为1300℃，环境为氩气气氛中进行热处理后，可消除蓝宝石中原来存在的杂色调，使颜色向纯蓝色方向变化。本文还对热处理后蓝宝石的光吸收港及颜色变化机理进行了初步探讨。     

宽甸环斑花岗岩的同化混染成因

环斑花岗岩是发育于前寒武纪的一种特殊岩石。本文从环斑花岗岩的地质学、岩石学及矿物学等方面讨论了宽甸元古宙环斑花岗岩的成因,认为环斑花岗岩是由分异出石英二长岩的富钾质残余岩浆在深部同化围岩(类似盖县组的矽线石榴黑云斜长片麻岩及黑云母变粒岩等岩石)形成的含大量围岩捕虏晶的晶粥状岩浆,经侵位结晶而成。环斑长石的斜长石外壳是来自围岩的捕虏晶,它通过流动、吸附作用附着于钾长石巨晶的周围,构成环斑结构。     

钛闪石在不同浓度盐酸中的溶解作用

对采自澳大利亚Carnperdown钛闪石分别进行了浓度为1,2和3mol/L的盐酸溶解实验,溶解时间分别为：110,170,245,335,455,605,785,995,1235和1505min。浸蚀后的酸液用ICP-AES进行了金属阳离子浓度测定;残余固体则用X射线衍射法和红外吸收光谱进行了研究。实验表明,酸浓度愈大,角闪石阳离子的浸出浓度也愈大。这与一般的硅酸盐矿物的溶解规律相一致。此外,阳离子的溶出量主要受晶体结构制约,连接相邻工字梁的曰位离子优先溶出。致使在溶出液中Ca^2＋浓度与其它八面体阳离子的浓度比大于分子式中的比值。基于对未浸蚀样品和浸蚀后残余固体的X射线衍射和红外吸收谱研究可知,阳离子的溶出并未造成闪石结构中硅氧骨干的变化。     

Enrichment of heavy metals in coal gangue by puff balls and mechanism research

Coal gangue with/without wild puff balls growing on or covering up were analyzed by means of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry （ICP-AES） and atomic fluorescence spectrometry （AFS） to detect the contents of heavy metal elements in the plants. Seven heavy metals were chosen to do the experiments, which showed that the puffballs have strong enrichment capacity for heavy metals （As, Pb, Mn and Ni）. The highest enrichment level was Mn, 220.3 mg/kg （dry weight） for puffball fruiting bodies, and the highest As, Cr and Pb enrichment levels for puffball mycelium were 111,265.3 and 86 mg/kg, respectively. Cd, Mn and Ni could transfer from puffball mycelium to its fruiting bodies, while As, Cr, Pb and Co mainly accumulated in the mycelium. The contents of five organic acids （tartaric acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, citric acid and malic acid） in puffballs were determined with high performance liquid chromatography. With water, ethanol and ethyl acetate as solvents, the puffball extracts performed dissolution reactions with coal gangue, in which the water extract （containing a large amount of organic acids） was most effective in releasing heavy metals, especially As, Pb, Cr, Mn, Co and Ni from coal gangue. As a pioneer species, puff balls absorbed the hazardous trace elements in coal gangue matrix to reduce its eco-toxicity, on the other hand, it raised the pH value of coal gangue, improving the vegetation growing conditions for coal gangue matrix to a certain extent and laying the foundation for ecological restoration of coal gangue dumps.     

甲基异丁基甲酮萃取－石墨炉平台原子吸收法测定地质样品中痕量硒和碲

样品经ＨＮＯ＿３－ＨＦ－ＨＣｌＯ＿４分解，在５．４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＨＣｌ介质中，以抗坏血酸为还原剂用甲基异丁基甲酮同时萃取样品中的Ｓｅ、Ｔｅ。以Ｐｄ和Ｎｉ作混合基体改进剂，使用自制的涂锆石墨平台直接测定有机相中的Ｓｅ、Ｔｅ。方法的检出限分别为０．２１×１０￣（－９）ｇＳｅ，０．１３×１０￣（－９）ｇＴｅ；测定０．０６ｇＳｅ、０．０３ｇＴｅ的ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝１１）分别为７．０％和８．９％。     

地球物理技术在珠江口盆地番禺低隆起天然气勘探中的应用

番禺低隆起~白云凹陷北坡地区是珠江口盆地最有利的油气勘探区域之一,目前已经发现了PY30-1、PY34-1、PY35-2、PY35-1和LH19-5等五个气田,天然气地质储量达1 200×108m3。如何在现有的勘探成果基础上进一步拓展勘探领域,对珠江口盆地东部天然气勘探的持续发展有着重要的意义。这里在依托番禺低隆起三维地震资料的前提下,以钻井、测井、地震等原始资料为基础,对本区的岩性电性特征进行分析,进而确定储层含气后在地震属性、AVO、瞬时子波吸收、波阻抗等资料上的响应特征,从而综合运用属性、子波吸收、AVO、反演、圈闭保存条件等多种手段,对目标圈闭的含油气性及储层进行预测。     

盐酸除锑—原子吸收测定锑矿中的金

将样品灼烧后，用HCl浸煮、蒸发除锑，消除锑对原子吸收法测金的干扰；并讨论了除锑条件和除锑效率。将所拟方法与HBr除锑测金的方法进行比较，分析结果基本一致，样品加标的回收率为98%～104%，RSD(n=5)<2.5%。