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921.
Olga A. Proydakova Natalia B. Sanina 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):120-121
A comprehensive assessment of man-made impact on the environment is much kept behind because of missing unified systems of environmental monitoring. They represent sources of reliable information on the current status of the environment, as well as the absence of approaches to assess the impact of chemical pollution by different anthropogenic sources. Vegetation, being the component of environmental systems, is very sensitive to atmospheric man-made load. However, permissible concentrations of elements in plants, causing deflection in their development are differently estimated in different regions and vegetation species. As to the Baikal region, it is commonly the sanitary state of woods, that is primarily assessed. Coniferous trees, in particular pine, represent the main tree species in the region. In the Olkhon region we investigated the trace element compositions in pine needles to obtain the background contents of toxic metals. This region of the National park lies 300 km away from the industrial sources of pollutants, beyond the zone of wind effect, and has no industry. The research was made on the healthy (green) and dried up (red) pine needles. The elements like Zn, Al, Mn, Fe, Cr, Cu, Co, Ni, Sr, Cd, Pb, Li, Rb, Sb and As were measured by atomic absorption and flame emission photometry. The samples were decomposed in autoclaves with the mixture of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Distinct differences were found in a series of elements contained in the green and dried needles. The red needles are characterized by higher contents of Zn, Al, Cu and low Mn, Fe, Pb with similar contents of other elements. 相似文献
922.
Momentum Absorption in Rough-Wall Boundary Layers with Sparse Roughness Elements in Random and Clustered Distributions 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
A wind-tunnel experiment has been used to investigate momentum absorption by rough surfaces with sparse random and clustered distributions of roughness elements. An unusual (though longstanding) method was used to measure the boundary-layer depth δ and friction velocity u
* and thence to infer the functional relationship z
0/h = f(λ) between the normalised roughness length z
0/ h and the roughness density λ (where z
0 is the roughness length and h the mean height of the roughness elements). The method for finding u
* is based on fitting the velocity defect in the outer layer to a functional form for the dimensionless velocity-defect profile in a canonical zero-pressure-gradient boundary layer. For the conditions investigated here, involving boundary layers over sparse roughness with strong local heterogeneity, this velocity-defect-law method is found to be more robust than several alternative methods for finding u
* (uw covariance, momentum integral and slope of the logarithmic velocity profile).The experimental results show that, (1) there is general agreement in the relationship z
0/h = f(λ) between the present experiment with random arrays and other wind-tunnel experiments with regular arrays; (2) the main effect of clustering is to increase the scatter in the z
0/h = f(λ) relationship, through increased local horizontal heterogeneity; (3) this scatter obscures any trend in the z
0/h = f(λ) relationship in response to clustering; and (4) the agreement between the body of wind-tunnel data (taken as a whole) and field data is good, though with scatter for which it is likely that a major contribution stems from local horizontal heterogeneity in the field. 相似文献
923.
924.
925.
A Moisture Index Classification System for Rocks (MiC System) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary. Interaction of rocks with water is leading to a reduction in physical and mechanical properties, and quantifying this effect
has always been a problem for design purposes in rock engineering projects. Despite the fact that a number of considerable
works have been carried out in this field, they are not thorough and general. In this paper, a new rock classification system
is presented in order to evaluate wet rock properties.
Laboratory studies showed that six parameters may be recognized as major controlling parameters for wet rocks, including:
water absorption, porosity, weathering degree, swelling index, number of microfissures, and average grain size. Many tests
were performed and a sensitivity analysis was carried out on the data obtained. This analysis characterized the rock sensitivity
when changing each parameter and consequently, a rating value was assigned to each parameter.
By adding these rating values, a rating between zero and 100 is allocated to each rock as Moisture index (Mi). The closer
this index is to 100, the more sensitive rock will be to moisture. On the basis of this index, rocks are divided into five
classes including: very good, good, fair, weak and very weak. 相似文献
926.
利用聚乙二醇的水溶性和高聚合性,建立了原子吸收分光光度计连续快速测定矿石中的Cu、Pb、Zn的方法。矿石样品用HCl-HNO3-HClO4完全溶解,在均匀的试液中,选择聚乙二醇用量3mL,澄清时间仅2.5h,试液快速澄清。方法精密度(RSD,n=5)小于5%,加标回收率为86.3%-106.0%。方法用于测定岩石国家标准物质中的Cu、Pb和Zn,结果与标准值相符。 相似文献
927.
928.
泡沫塑料富集-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中微量铊 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用HF-HClO4-HNO3-HCl溶解样品,泡沫塑料富集-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定岩石、土壤、水系沉积物等地质样品中微量铊。以抗坏血酸为基体改进剂,Fe^3+加入量选择100mg,灰化温度为600℃,原子化温度为1600℃。方法用于测定国家一级标准物质,结果与标准值基本一致。方法精密度(RSD,n=8)为2.88%~6.27%,回收率为95.24%~101.3%,检出限可达0.058μg/g。 相似文献
929.
用火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测定银、铜、锌 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
试样经NH4F,HCl,HNO3分解的酸性介质中,选用NaCl做配合剂,Ag,Cu,Zn可以同时进入溶液。但由于上机测定时背景吸收严重,而所使用的原子吸收分光光度计不能扣除背景。选用硫脲做配合剂时,可使Ag生成稳定无色的Ag[CS(NH2)2]Cl配合物,从而避免溶液中生成AgCl沉淀,同时也使测定时的酸度得到有效的降低。原来需要分别取样、溶解和测定Ag,Cu,Zn的操作,得以在同一份样品中完成。用火焰原子吸收分光光度计连续测定Ag,Cu,Zn,方法的测定范围分别为Ag0 n×10-6~5000 0×10-6;Cu0 00n%~n 000%;Zn0 00n%~n 000%。 相似文献
930.
悬浮液进样石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中痕量镓和铊 总被引:5,自引:7,他引:5
对固体悬浮液直接进样及石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定Ga和Tl进行了研究,拟定了以琼脂为悬浮剂,Ni(对Ga)和V(对Tl)为基体改进剂,标准溶液进行校准的、灵敏、快速、准确测定Ga和Tl的方法。在选定条件下,测得Ga和Tl的特征量(1%吸收)分别为2.8×10 ̄(-11)g和4.4×10 ̄(-11)g,检出限(3σ)分别为24pg和28pg,相对标准偏差分别为6.3%(含Ga6.4g/g,n=11)和4.8%(含Tl1.0g/g,n=13)。方法适用于地质样品中低至0.1g/gGa和Tl的测定。 相似文献