Z-2000偏振塞曼石墨炉原子吸收分光光度计测定地球化学样品中痕量金

用φ=50%的王水分解样品,聚氨酯泡沫塑料吸附富集金,10g/L硫脲为解脱剂,偏振塞曼石墨炉原子吸收分光光度计测定痕量金。对干燥、灰化、原子化、净化温度和时间,以及载气流量和灯电流强度进行了讨论;对影响金吸附效果的泡塑载体和王水浓度等因素进行了研究。通过实验得到了Z-2000偏振塞曼原子吸收分光光度计最佳石墨炉分析测试条件。方法检出限为0.3ng/g,回收率为95.0%~101.0%,精密度(RSD,n=12)低于8.0%,经国家一级标准物质(GBW07243~GBW07245)分析验证,结果与标准值相符。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定天青石中锶

将天青石试样经混合熔剂熔融,使锶转化为碳酸盐,水提取,过滤分离硫酸根离子,沉淀用盐酸溶解,加入聚乙醇,加热煮沸,稀释至一定体积。分取部分溶液于0.4mol/L硝酸介质中,加镧盐为释放剂,原子吸收光谱法(空气-乙炔火焰方式)测定氧化锶。方法适用于天青石中w(SrO)≤50%氧化锶的测定。     

科尔沁沙地几种常见植物茎叶吸水特征

植物通过茎叶吸水能够极大地改善自身水分条件。为研究科尔沁沙地植被茎叶吸收水分变化特征,于2017年7-8月选取科尔沁沙地常见植物差不嘎蒿（Artemisia halodendron）、小叶锦鸡儿（Caragana microphylla）、猪毛菜（Salsola collina）,通过自然降雨、茎叶隔雨、根部隔雨的控制试验,运用压力室法测定了降雨前后的植物水势（Ψ）变化。结果表明：（1）根部隔雨试验中,差不嘎蒿、小叶锦鸡儿和猪毛菜降雨后的水势值与降雨前相比分别升高了约66.7%、59.5%和87.9%,在降雨后第2天的水势值与降雨前相比分别升高了约73.2%、86.7%和90.6%。（2）差不嘎蒿和猪毛菜在不同部位隔雨试验中的茎叶水势值差异不明显（P>0.05）,小叶锦鸡儿茎叶水势值存在显著差异（P<0.05）。（3）差不嘎蒿、小叶锦鸡儿和猪毛菜都存在茎叶吸水现象。小叶锦鸡儿比差不嘎蒿和猪毛菜更能够适应科尔沁沙地的生存环境。     

高光谱吸收特征参数反演草地光合有效辐射吸收率

在植被光合有效辐射吸收率(FAPAR)遥感估算中被广泛采用的植被指数法,其估算精度往往受到"红波段吸收峰"峰值点光谱反射率易饱和特征的影响。考虑到高光谱吸收特征参数能较好地诠释地物光谱吸收特征的细节信息,基于微分法与包络线去除法研发"高光谱曲线特征吸收峰自动识别法"识别对FAPAR敏感的特征吸收峰,再结合连续统去除法以及光谱吸收指数(SAI)提取FAPAR的高光谱吸收特征参数,构建估算天然草地冠层水平FAPAR的高光谱吸收特征参数模型。结果表明:(1)天然草地冠层FAPAR与高光谱吸收特征参数具有很好的相关性,其中,"红波段吸收峰"SAI对FAPAR变化最为敏感,在植被覆盖度较高时,其饱和性相比"红波段吸收峰"峰值点反射率与归一化植被(NDVI)值有较大的提升。(2)以"红波段吸收峰"SAI为变量的对数方程为FAPAR的最佳估算模型,在植被覆盖度处于中与高时,其FAPAR预测精度比NDVI模型有不同程度的提高。研究采用的高光谱吸收特征参数一定程度上弥补了部分植被指数因饱和问题在估算FAPAR时的不足,可作为植被FAPAR反演的新参数,适用于中、高覆盖度的天然草地FAPAR监测。     

花岗岩球状风化的形成机理新析

花岗岩球状风化现象在自然界比较常见,其成因国内一般认为受三维裂隙控制,出露地表接受风化时,由于棱角突出,角部受三个方向的风化,棱边受两个方向的风化,而面上只受一个方向的风化,故棱角逐渐缩减,最终趋向球形。国外也有其他成因认识,如liesegang现象、卸荷载、微裂隙、体积膨胀、后期风化作用等莫衷一是。本文通过认真观察,对比分析,总结出球状风化形成机理即亲水矿物吸水及失水造成的膨胀收缩的结果。     

The NO2 absorption spectrum. II. Absorption cross-sections at low temperatures in the 400–500 nm region

With improved experimental conditions already used for measurements at ambient temperature (Mérienneet al., 1994), new values have been found for the absorption cross-sections of NO₂ at 240 and 220 K in the 400–500 nm spectral region. Using a better resolution than in previous studies we show that the temperature effect is not negligible and should be taken into account for the optical measurements of atmospheric NO₂ amounts by differential absorption methods.Unité de Recherche Associée au CNRS.     

Doppler detection of hydroxyl column abundance in the middle atmosphere

The hydroxyl column abundance in the middle atmosphere is measured with ground-based uv spectroscopy using the sun as a light source. The present method is distinctive in that it utilizes the Doppler shift of the solar spectrum due to the solar rotation to discriminate the slight terrestrial hydroxyl absorption from prominent solar features. By comparing the spectra measured on the east and the west edges of the solar disk, it is possible to cancel out most of the solar structures and to make the terrestrial features much more evident.     

Measurement of atmospheric total ozone by the filter photometric method

The total ozone content in the atmosphere was determined from the multichannel photometer observations of direct solar radiation made in the urban environment at Pune (18° 32 N, 73° 51E, 559 m ASL) and Sinhagad hill station (18° 22N, 73° 45E, 1305 m ASL) during March 1980-February 1982. The total ozone content of the atmosphere was computed making use of the differential absorption of solar radiation due to ozone at 0.4 and 0.6 m wavelengths in the Chappuis band. The values of the ozone data obtained from the photometer observations at Pune and Sinhagad were compared with the corresponding ozone data obtained from the Dobson spectrophotometer located at Pune. Values of ozone obtained by the photometric method were found to be smaller by 8–18% than the Dobson values when Vigroux's absorption coefficients were used. Similarly, when the absorption coefficients of Inn and Tanaka (1953) were used, the ozone values obtained by the photometric method were smaller by 4–14% than the Dobson values. The ozone values at the hill station obtained from the photometric method were in better agreement (5%) with the Dobson values.     

Laboratory simulation of salt weathering processes in arid environments

The equipment and techniques being used at Bedford College, London to simulate salt weathering processes in deserts are described in the context of a general discussion of the nature of salt weathering processes and approaches to studying them. An experiment based on the equipment and techniques is described: it is designed to test the durability of three building stones in the presence of several different saline solutions under conditions of surface temperature and relative humidity that are considered typical of hot deserts. The experiment, the first of a series, shows that Na₂SO₄ is the most effective of the salts used, and that susceptibility of the rocks to weathering is related to such rock properties as porosity, microporosity and water absorption capacity.     

Optical measurement in the middle atmosphere

The various measurement techniques and general problems in remote orin situ optical measurement of atmospheric minor gases are described.