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EULOGIO PARDO‐IGÚZQUIZA ANTONIO PULIDO‐BOSCH MANUEL LÓPEZ‐CHICANO JUAN J. DURÁN 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2016,98(3):247-263
Dolines are the most typical landform in karst landscapes. They play an important role in karst hydrogeology; they are effective sediment traps that provide information about past climates and karst evolution, and can also be indicators of tectonic activity. The morphometic analysis of those depressions can help in their study and interpretation. However, detailed identification and delineation of dolines becomes increasingly difficult when the study area is very large, of limited access or covered by vegetation. Here, we have used a method developed by the authors for automatic identification and delineation of karst depressions based on the use of a pit removal algorithm. Next a complete morphometric analysis of the karst depressions has been carried out. The main advantage of the methodology is that by delineating and identifying the depth of each doline from its rim, many morphometric statistics can be obtained, including the relation of doline depth and area with respect to altitude, the main doline orientations, doline density, the fractal dimension of doline area and frequency, and point field analysis, among others. The results are interpreted from a geomorphological point of view and the mapped dolines can be easily integrated into geomorphological mapping. A case study is presented from the large Sierra Gorda karst massif in southern Spain, where 3100 depressions have been identified. A strong structural control of doline shape and orientation is demonstrated; the main areas of doline density are highlighted and doline size is shown to follow a fractal law. 相似文献
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Alicja Wudarska Ewa Saby Michael Wiedenbeck Jaime D. Barnes Magali Bonifacie Neil C. Sturchio Grard Bardoux Frdric Couffignal Johannes Glodny Linnea Heraty Timm John Christof Kusebauch Sathish Mayanna Franziska D. H. Wilke Ewa Deput 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2021,45(1):121-142
Here we report on a set of six apatite reference materials (chlorapatites MGMH#133648, TUBAF#38 and fluorapatites MGMH#128441A, TUBAF#37, 40, 50) which we have characterised for their chlorine isotope ratios; these RMs span a range of Cl mass fractions within the apatite Ca10(PO4)6(F,Cl,OH)2 solid solution series. Numerous apatite specimens, obtained from mineralogical collections, were initially screened for 37Cl/35Cl homogeneity using SIMS followed by δ37Cl characterisation by gas source mass spectrometry using both dual‐inlet and continuous‐flow modes. We also report major and key trace element compositions as determined by EPMA. The repeatability of our SIMS results was better than ± 0.10‰ (1s) for the five samples with > 0.5 % m/m Cl and ± 0.19‰ (1s) for the low Cl abundance material (0.27% m/m). We also observed a small, but significant crystal orientation effect of 0.38‰ between the mean 37Cl/35Cl ratios measured on three oriented apatite fragments. Furthermore, the results of GS‐IRMS analyses show small but systematic offset of δ37ClSMOC values between the three laboratories. Nonetheless, all studied samples have comparable chlorine isotope compositions, with mean 103δ37ClSMOC values between +0.09 and +0.42 and in all cases with 1s ≤ ± 0.25. 相似文献
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基于欧洲中期天气预报中心全球高分辨率预报模式ECMWF、中国自主研发的新一代业务化区域数值模式GRAPES_Meso和WRF中国全国区域预报模式的降水预报结果进行未来3 d降水集成预报。以中国地面-卫星-雷达三源融合逐时降水格点产品(CMPA-Hourly,V2.0)作为"观测值"进行建模,采用消除偏差多模式平均法和基于无偏平均绝对误差集成法对中国大陆地区进行降水集成预报,同时采用2800个国家自动气象站降水观测数据对降水集成预报效果进行检验。结果表明:基于无偏平均绝对误差的降水集成方法能够综合每个模式成员降水预报场的优势,提供一种更为稳定可靠且具有更高分辨率的优质精细化降水预报产品;其在试验期间对中国大陆地区汛期的降水预报ETS评分,优于消除偏差多模式平均降水集成预报和最优单模式降水预报,BIAS评分更接近于1,与"实况"的距平相关系数也明显提高,是对降水大值捕捉能力较优的一种集成方法,尤其对中雨到暴雨量级预报的改进较好。 相似文献
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GRAPES模式中的坡地辐射方案及其对短期天气过程模拟的影响 总被引:10,自引:4,他引:6
为了改进太阳短波辐射参数化, 在非静力中尺度模式GRAPES (全球/区域同化和预报系统) 中考虑了坡地辐射 (SLOPE), 并着重讨论其在不同分辨率情况下对我国短期天气过程的影响.数值试验结果表明: 地形坡度和坡向对地表短波辐射 (GSW) 计算有较大的影响, 与没有考虑坡地作用的参考运行 (FLAT) 相比, 早晨和傍晚的GSW最小可减小60%以下, 最大也可增加60%以上, 比一天中其他时间和平均值大得多.在江淮流域一次梅雨锋降水过程中, 坡地辐射参数化方案的引入对降水模拟有较明显的影响, 特别在高分辨率 (6 km) 情况下, 降水的增加和减小不仅发生在GSW改变比较大的地区, 且与复杂地形有较好的相关性.另外, 由于地形坡度和坡向引起地表温度的改变与地表热通量的变化一致, 且也发生在地形起伏的多山地区.因此, 当水平分辨率较高且地形陡峭起伏时, 应当包含坡地辐射. 相似文献
46.
LIU Genyou ZHU Yaozhong XU Houze ZHANG Weimin 《地球空间信息科学学报》2006,9(4):244-249
IntroductionBecause of global temperature rising and glacierthawing,the sea level has risen about 10-25 cmin the past century[1]. The sea level change isone of the main ai ms in global change monito-ring. Presently the basic tool used in sea levelmonitori… 相似文献
47.
秦岭大陆碰撞金成矿机制与金矿带时空定位 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
通过分析秦岭巨型金矿带内353处岩金矿床的时空分布特征发现,带内矿化强弱变化有序,由NE向SW依次分出小秦岭-熊耳山强矿化带、北秦岭弱矿化带、中秦岭强矿化带、南秦岭弱矿化带和松潘-甘孜强矿化带5个亚带。它们的成矿时代始于印支期,经燕山期,终于喜马拉雅早期。其中小秦岭-熊耳山亚带主成矿期为燕山晚期,中秦岭亚带主成矿期为燕山早期,松潘-甘孜亚带主成矿期为燕山晚期至喜马拉雅早期。金矿带时空定位在于控矿构造带的时空定位。空间上,控矿构造带包容金矿带或基本一致;时间上,金矿带与控矿构造带基本同步或滞后。金矿带时空变化原因在于控矿构造带的构造迁移,从控矿构造带的主断面向两侧迁移,迁移速率0.78~3.5km/Ma。金矿带及其控矿构造带的形成和迁移原因在于大陆碰撞。大陆碰撞及其俯冲带下插构造位的加深,依次形成变质岩及变质成矿热液-改造系列花岗岩及气液成矿流体-同熔系列花岗岩及超临界成矿流体。不同构造位的成矿流体特征不同,形成不同矿床成因类型。成矿流体上升形式和构造空间不同,形成不同的矿化类型。 相似文献
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Shengming Hu Zhijian Chen Chenghui Wan Chun Tang Wen Xiong 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(4):385-392
AbstractCompared with traditional methods, the three-dimensional laser-scanning (3D-LS) technique can efficiently acquire many high-quality geometric properties of rock discontinuities. In practice, engineers usually prefer to simplify the processing by using single-station point data and roughly orienting owing to the complexity of registration/georeferencing multi-station point data. However, prior published studies have paid little attention to the accuracy and reliability when determining discontinuity orientations using 3D-LS. We propose a reliable and accurate method with robust on-site applicability. As part of an ongoing effort, we are evaluating the precision of the commonly used coarse registration method and the fine registration method, and promoted the optimized coarse- and fine-registration methods and evaluated their precision. It is found that: (1) the common and the optimized registration method can meet our project’s engineering requirements, and the optimized registration method improved accuracy in the dip direction by approximately 1°; (2) fine registration using an iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm can correct both dip direction and dip angle; and (3) the orientation is of high precision with commonly used coarse and fine registration, whereas the optimization effect to correct the orientation is slightly limited. 相似文献