The North Cape oil spill: hydrocarbons in Rhode Island coastal waters and Point Judith Pond.

On 19 January 1996, the North Cape oil barge ran aground near Moonstone Beach, RI, and spilled over 2700 metric tons of No. 2 fuel oil during a severe winter storm. High winds and rough seas drove the oil into the water column, and the oil spread throughout Block Island Sound and into several coastal salt ponds. Over 50 water samples were collected from Point Judith Pond (PJP) and the southern coast of Rhode Island for four months after the spill and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). These analyses revealed that at least 60 km2 of coastal waters were impacted from the spill. Maximum concentrations of sigmaPAHs and TPHs were 115 and 3940 microg l(-1), respectively. The percentage of sigmaPAHs relative to the TPHs for all samples varied from 0.2 to 43%, showing that there was no clear relationship between sigmaPAHs and TPHs for the whole dataset and likely resulting from spatial and temporal partitioning over the course of the spill. However, within the dataset, there were stronger correlations for distinct samples collected at similar locations and times. In PJP, water column concentrations of individual PAHs decreased at rates of 0.08-0.24 day(-1) and lower-molecular weight PAHs were removed faster than higher-molecular weight PAHs.     

铜在牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)组织蓄积、分配及排放的研究

采用暴露实验方法 ,研究了海水中Cu在牙鲆 (Paralichthysolivaceus)内脏、肌肉、鳃组织内吸收、积累和排放规律 ,海水中总有机碳 (TOC)浓度、配体种类对铜吸收的影响及其与海水表观络合容量 (ACuCC)的关系。结果表明 ,Cu浓度为 0 .5mg/L时 ,各组织内Cu蓄积量随暴露时间增加而增大 ,第 1 3天均达吸收平衡 ,此时Cu蓄积量 (mg/kg)为内脏 971 .89>肌肉 2 0 4 .99>鳃 90 .0 4。染毒 1 3天牙鲆在清洁海水中排放结果表明 :随排放时间增加各组织Cu蓄积量下降 ,第 8天接近排放平衡。此时各组织Cu排出率为 :肌肉 89% >鳃 86.5 % >内脏团 83.7%。海水中TOC浓度、种类对牙鲆Cu蓄积有明显影响 ,当TOC浓度相同时 ,孔石莼分泌物比牙鲆分泌物更能降低Cu在牙鲆组织内吸收和蓄积量 ;当TOC种类相同时 ,随TOC浓度升高 ,各组织铜蓄积量均明显下降 ,表明海水TOC能降低牙鲆组织对Cu的吸收和积累。ACuCC随TOC浓度增加有明显上升趋势 ,并与TOC浓度呈线性相关。     

胶州湾海水中溶解氨基酸的研究

于１９８６年１月－１１月用高效液相色谱法分析胶州湾１０个站位表层和底层海水中溶解游离氨基酸（ＤＦＡＡ）的组成、含量的分布及其季节变化。结果表明，７个站位的表层海水中月平均总溶解游离氨基酸（ＴＤＦＡＡ）含量范围为１．２４－２．２８ｕｍｏｌ／Ｌ。多数站位在２月份处于最低值（０．４ｕｍｏｌ／Ｌ），１１月份达最高值（５．０ｕｍｏｌ／Ｌ）。所测氨基酸中，Ｇｌｕ，Ｇｌｙ、Ａｒｇ、Ｌｅｕ，Ｏｒｎ，Ｓｅｒ等占优势     

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下古生界海相页岩TOC测井预测模型优选及应用——以川南长宁地区为例

有机碳含量（TOC）是页岩气资源评价与预测选区的关键指标之一,测井预测是实现单井TOC连续识别的重要手段,本次研究拟揭示各类预测方法在下古生界海相页岩中的预测效果。本次以川南长宁地区龙一段黑色页岩为对象,尝试采用多类预测方法（ΔLogR法及其改进方法、多元线性回归法与神经网络法）与不同的研究尺度（全段或分层）建立TOC测井预测模型,并对不同方法的预测效果进行深入探讨。研究表明,各方法预测效果差异较大,适用性各不相同。整体而言,多元线性回归法与BP神经网络法在研究区的预测效果均优于ΔLogR法及其改进方法。笔者等研究提出多元线性回归法对研究区TOC高值段的预测效果更佳,而神经网络法对TOC低值段的预测精度更高。本次研究根据龙一段各亚段有机质分布特征与测井响应特征的差异,提出通过“精细分层与最优方法匹配”的方式,因地制宜地选择相应的方法进行TOC测井预测。针对龙一1a-c与龙一1d-龙一2,分别采用多元线性回归法与BP神经网络法进行分层精细建模,并获得了最佳的预测效果,不仅预测精度较高,而且相对误差较小,绝大部分样品相对误差不超过20%。     

基于共享社会经济路径的中国经济发展趋势及其影响要素分析

基于最新的经济和人口普查及逐年统计年鉴,采用柯布?道格拉斯(Cobb-Douglas)经济预测模型,分析了共享社会经济路径(SSPs)框架下中国“全面二孩”政策后2010—2100年经济发展趋势,并解析了劳动投入量、资本投入量和全要素生产率对经济发展的贡献率。研究发现：(1)不同的社会经济发展政策下,21世纪中国经济均呈增加趋势,GDP增速在2030年前基本维持在6%上下,但2030—2060年代迅速下降,2070年代起SSP1和SSP4路径下增幅低于0.5%,SSP2、SSP3和SSP5路径下增幅保持在0.5%~1.5%。(2)影响经济发展的三要素中,劳动投入量在SSP3路径下先减后增,于2060年代达到谷值;在其他路径下均先增后减,于2020年代达到峰值。资本投入量在SSP1路径下持续增加,2080年代起趋于平缓;其他路径下均呈持续增加趋势,但在SSP4路径下,在2060和2070年代有所下降。全要素生产率在所有路径下均呈增加趋势。(3)改革开放以来,资本投入量是影响我国经济增长最主要的因素。未来,SSP1和SSP2路径下,全要素生产率逐渐成为经济发展的主导因素;而SSP5路径下,资本投入量仍是影响经济发展的主要因素。     

2008年以来青藏高原春季大气温度逆转趋势及其与臭氧总量变化之间的可能联系

利用ERA-Interim和MERRA-2再分析资料,考察1980—2017年青藏高原大气温度变化趋势和规律,年、季、月不同时间尺度分析结果均揭示2008年以来青藏高原春季大气温度变化呈现逆转趋势：高原上空平流层下部150~50 hPa呈现明显的增温趋势（1.0~2.7℃/10a),对流层上部300~175 hPa呈现明显的降温趋势（-3.1~-1.0℃/10a),这与此前的大气温度变化趋势完全相反。利用TOMS和OMI卫星臭氧遥感资料,考察同期青藏高原臭氧总量变化特征,表明2008年以来青藏高原臭氧总量也表现出逆转的增加趋势,与大气温度逆转趋势吻合,从冬末至春季各月均有显著增加趋势,尤以5月臭氧总量增加速率最大,达13.7 DU/10a。青藏高原春季大气温度变化趋势与同期臭氧总量变化特征紧密相关,2008年后臭氧总量的快速恢复可能是引起大气温度逆转趋势的一个重要影响因素。     

Geochronological constraints on uranium mineralization within the Hüttenberg siderite deposit (Eastern Alps,Austria)

A small-scale hydrothermal uranium mineralization hosted within the siderite deposit at Hüttenberg (Eastern Alps, Austria) was re-investigated using modern scanning electron microscope (SEM) and microprobe (EMPA) methods. The uranium mineralization comprises brannerite, coffinite and uraninite, and is spatially associated with Fe-, Ni- and Co-arsenides (loellingite, rammelsbergite, safflorite), bismuth and bismuthinite, as well as rare accessory silver-bearing minerals and gold locally. The U-bearing fluids also carried P, Y and REEs, which precipitated as xenotime and P–Y coffinite. The uranium mineralization paragenetically postdates the metasomatic formation of the host siderite ore.Uraninite allows for precise single spot EMPA ages to be calculated (±2 Ma) due to its high radiogenic lead content. There is an excellent internal consistency in the uraninite data with calculated dates ranging between 77 and 84 Ma. We interpret that these record the crystallization age of the uraninite, and that any influences of lead loss or common Pb are minimal. Brannerite was also analyzed but U-total Pb microprobe data scatter (c.30–80 Ma) with evidence of lead loss, particularly in altered domains. It does, however, provide a minimum constraint on the timing of mineralization that is consistent with the crystallization age of the uraninite. Coffinite proved completely unsuitable for U-total Pb geochronology due to extreme lead loss. However, hydrothermal xenotime yields a U-total Pb age of 78 ± 5 Ma, consistent with the uraninite age. Therefore, the U-total Pb geochronological data support a late Cretaceous age for the U-mineralization of c. 80 Ma. Considering this timing constraint together with other geological and indirect thermochronological aspects, we conclude that the siderite deposit of Hüttenberg is older and formed at c. 90−80 Ma.     

全站仪在工程测量中的应用研究

对全站仪测量时平距、高差测量的精度进行了分析,并提出了全站仪测量的注意事项和适用范围。