基于AlphaGUARD P2000F测氡仪利用水中溶解氡对DDL-1型气氡仪校准的实验研究

对测氡仪器进行定期校准是保证测量结果准确性和可靠性的关键。基于用国际公认的计量传递仪器AlphaGUARD P2000F作为氡气溯源仪器及其自带水氡测量组件对三套DDL-1型电离法测氡仪使用水中溶解氡进行校准实验。实验结果和用固体氡源校准三套仪器的结果与仪器出厂校准结果进行对比,两种校准方法的K值相对误差均小于5%,达到目前地震监测氡观测技术要求。实验结果表明,水中溶解氡代替固体氡气源校准,可以解决目前固体氡源校准中存在的运输困难、维修技术要求高、国家环保部门监管严格等问题,为地震氡观测仪器校准技术找到了一种新的途径。     

金属矿产资源的深部找矿、勘探与成矿的深层动力过程

世界上任何一个国家或地区,在科学与技术的进步,社会与经济的发展进程中,无一例外的必须以大量的,各种类型的金属矿产资源为后盾.当今我国正处在快速工业化和经济腾飞的前夜,国内矿产资源供给不足,且紧缺,故对外的依存度日益增大.为此,在多元化共享世界资源的同时,必须以本土资源为本,并迅速建立起安全、可靠与稳定供给的重要金属矿产战略后备基地.本文基于金属矿产资源形成和聚集的深部介质和构造环境,深层过程和动力学响应的新认识,并分析和讨论了国内、外已发现的深部金属矿床实例.据此提出:必须迅速强化进行地壳内部第二深度空间(500～2000 m)高精度地球物理找矿、勘探和深入研究深部物质与能量的交换与矿产资源形成的深层动力过程.     

基于CGCS2000的中国地壳水平运动速度场模型研究

首先介绍通过数据处理获取CGCS 2000(中国大地坐标系统2000)下点位坐标和速度场的方法,其次研究分析在CGCS 2000下建立满足中国大陆区域无整体旋转条件的中国大陆板块位移基准方法,计算得到的CGCS 2000下中国大陆区域的欧拉角速度是0.2997(°)/Ma,旋转极的位置为(64.77°N,94.093°E),最后利用计算获取的CGCS 2000下的国家高精度GPS网的坐标和速度值,采用有限元插值方法建立中国大陆区域地壳运动速度场模型,并初步分析CGCS2000下的中国大陆地壳运动整体趋势.通过本文的研究可以进一步维护和精化中国CGCS 2000的稳定性、动态性和精确性,也可对CGCS 2000坐标参考框架下的中国区域地壳运动特征的研究提供科学方法和高时空分辨率的基础数据.

Abstract：

Firstly, the processing strategy of obtaining the coordinate and velocity based on the CGCS 2000 (Chinese geocentric 3D coordinate system)is introduced. Secondly, a new plates displacement reference frame of Chinese mainland subjected to the regional No-Net-Rotation (NNR) conditions is researched, The results inferred the position of the Euler rotation pole of the Chinese mainland plates is (64, 77°N,94.093°E) and its rate is 0. 299 7(°)/Ma based on the CGCS 2000. Finally, Crustal movement velocity field of Chinese mainland are inferred through the precise result of CORS and national GPS network, and the model of crustal deformation velocity field has been established based on the adoptions of finite element interpolation method. On which, the regional crustal deformation characters of China mainland have been proximately analyzed. Based on the study of this paper, the precision, dynamics and reliability of CGCS 2000 would be further renewed and maintained, further more the basic data with high spatial-temporal resolution and scientific methods are referred to study characteristics of Chinese mainland crustal movement.     

Mapping and characterizing the vegetation types of the Democratic Republic of Congo using SPOT VEGETATION time series

The need for quantitative and accurate information to characterize the state and evolution of vegetation types at a national scale is widely recognized. This type of information is crucial for the Democratic Republic of Congo, which contains the majority of the tropical forest cover of Central Africa and a large diversity of habitats. In spite of recent progress in earth observation capabilities, vegetation mapping and seasonality analysis in equatorial areas still represent an outstanding challenge owing to high cloud coverage and the extent and limited accessibility of the territory. On one hand, the use of coarse-resolution optical data is constrained by performance in the presence of cloud screening and by noise arising from the compositing process, which limits the spatial consistency of the composite and the temporal resolution. On the other hand, the use of high-resolution data suffers from heterogeneity of acquisition dates, images and interpretation from one scene to another. The objective of the present study was to propose and demonstrate a semi-automatic processing method for vegetation mapping and seasonality characterization based on temporal and spectral information from SPOT VEGETATION time series. A land cover map with 18 vegetation classes was produced using the proposed method that was fed by ecological knowledge gathered from botanists and reference documents. The floristic composition and physiognomy of each vegetation type are described using the Land Cover Classification System developed by the FAO. Moreover, the seasonality of each class is characterized on a monthly basis and the variation in different vegetation indicators is discussed from a phenological point of view. This mapping exercise delivers the first area estimates of seven different forest types, five different savannas characterized by specific seasonality behavior and two aquatic vegetation types. Finally, the result is compared to two recent land cover maps derived from coarse-resolution (GLC2000) and high-resolution imagery (Africover).     

基于S2000光谱仪的小型海面高光谱辐射计的研制

将普通的小巧型S2000光谱仪组装改造成用于海面测量的高光谱辐射计,安装在船只等移动平台上进行原位测量,可以获得向下辐照度和向上辐亮度的实验数据.阐述了整体设计思路,说明了其光路结构,光学采集单元分为光谱辐照度光学探头和光谱辐亮度光学探头.叙述了通过机械结构的调整来更准确地测量离水辐亮度,并给出了基于计算机进行显示和存储的编程软件.此系统获得的试验测量结果可以为海洋学研究提供充分的现场光学数据,有一定的实用价值.     

��������ƹ���1980��������ϵ��2000��������ϵ�ı任

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????κ???????,?????????????1980???????????2000???????????????У?????????????????????????????任????????????????任??     

2000�й��������ϵ

2000?й????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????2000?й????????????????????????ο????????峣?????????????????????????????????????????????м????????     

ITRF2005��CGCS2000����ת�������뾫�ȷ���

??????????????????????????????????????·???ITRF2005??CGCS2000????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????λ?????????????ü??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????1~2 cm,????????????????     

Recent advances on reconstruction of climate and extreme events in China for the past 2000 years

China is distinguished by a prominent monsoonal climate in the east of the country, a continental arid climate in the northwest and a highland cold climate on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Because of the long history of Chinese civilization, there are abundant and well-dated documentary records for climate variation over the whole of the country as well as many natural archives (e.g., tree-rings, ice cores, stalagmites, varved lake sediments and corals) that enable high-resolution paleoclimatic reconstruction. In this paper, we review recent advances in the reconstruction of climate and extreme events over the last 2000 years in China. In the last 10 years, many new reconstructions, based on multi-proxies with wide spatial coverage, have been published in China. These reconstructions enable us to understand the characteristics of climate change across the country as well as the uncertainties of regional reconstructions. Synthesized reconstructed temperature results show that warm intervals over the last 2000 years occurred in AD 1–200, AD 551–760, AD 951–1320, and after AD 1921, and also show that cold intervals were in AD 201–350, AD 441–530, AD 781–950, and AD 1321–1920. Extreme cold winters, seen between 1500 and 1900, were more frequent than those after 1950. The intensity of regional heat waves, in the context of recent global warming, may not in fact exceed natural climate variability seen over the last 2000 years. In the eastern monsoonal region of China, decadal, multi-decadal and centennial oscillations are seen in rainfall variability. While the ensemble mean for drought/flood spatial patterns across all cold periods shows a meridional distribution, there is a tri-pole pattern with respect to droughts south of 25°N, floods between 25° and 30°N, and droughts north of 30°N for all warm periods. Data show that extreme drought events were most frequent in the periods AD 301–400, AD 751–800, AD 1051–1150, AD 1501–1550, and AD 1601–1650, while extreme flood events were frequent in the periods AD 101–150, AD 251–300, AD 951–1000, AD 1701–1750, AD 1801–1850, and AD 1901–1950. Between AD 1551–1600, extreme droughts and flood events occurred frequently. In arid northwest China, climate was characterized by dry conditions in AD 1000–1350, wet conditions in AD 1500–1850, and has tended to be wet over recent decades. On the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, centennial-scale oscillations in precipitation have occurred over the last 1000 years, interrupted by several multi-decadal-scale severe drought events. Of these, the most severe were in the 1480s and 1710s. In southwest China, extreme droughts as severe as those seen in Sichuan and Chongqing in 2006 are known to have occurred during historical times.