A proposed framework for feature‐level geospatial data sharing: a case study for transportation network data

Current data sharing in the Internet environment is supported using metadata at the file level. This approach has three fundamental shortcomings. First, sharing data from different sources with different semantics, data models, and acquisition methods usually requires data conversion and/or integration like data conflation. This can be tedious and error‐prone. Second, data updated from one source cannot be automatically propagated to other related data or applications. Finally, data sharing at the file level makes it difficult to provide feature‐level data for searching, accessing, and exchanging in real time over the Internet. This paper addresses these three issues by proposing a standards‐based framework for sharing geospatial data in the transportation application domain. The proposed framework uses a standard data model—geospatial data model proposed by the Geospatial One‐Stop initiative to harmonize the semantics and data models without the use of data integration methods. It uses Geography Markup Language (GML) for geospatial data coding and feature relationship, which provides a basis to propagate the data update from one source to related other sources and applications, and to search and extract data at the feature level. The framework uses the Web Feature Service (WFS) to search, access and extract data at the feature level from distributed sources. Finally, the Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) standard was used for data display on the Web browser. Two transportation network datasets are used in the prototype case study to implement the proposed framework. The prototype allows the user to access and extract data at the feature level on the Web from distributed sources without downloading the full data file. It shows that the proposed standards‐based feature‐level data‐sharing system is capable of sharing data without data conflation, accessing, and exchanging data in real time at the feature level. The prototype also shows that changes in one database can be automatically reflected or propagated in another related database without data downloading.     

An SVG-based method to support spatial analysis in XML/GML/SVG-based WebGIS

XML/GML/SVG-based approaches are promising for building Web-based geographic information systems (WebGIS). However, current XML/GML/SVG-based WebGISs are lacking in spatial analysis. Some of them are designed for web mapping only. Others adopt a server-side solution for spatial analysis, which suffers from the ‘bottleneck’ problem and results in a high network transmission load. Load-balancing spatial analysis between server side and browser side can be used to solve the above problems. This article focuses on one of the key building blocks of load-balancing spatial analysis, that is, SVG-based spatial analysis which enables spatial querying and analysis directly on SVG (on the browser side). After analyzing the workflow of spatial analysis, we identify and focus on two key issues in providing spatial analysis on SVG: SVG-based spatial information representation and SVG-based spatial extended structured query language (SSESQL). For the first issue, a theoretical foundation is set up to develop an SVG-based spatial information representation model. Some spatial operators are designed and integrated into an SSESQL to support spatial querying on SVG. Finally, we design and implement two case studies. The results of these case studies show that the proposed method is feasible and operable in supporting spatial analysis directly on SVG on the browser side. The proposed method can be easily incorporated with some existing methods (e.g., GML-based spatial analysis on the server side) to provide load-balancing spatial analysis (load balancing between server side and browser side) in XML/GML/SVG-based WebGIS. As a result, users can access high-performance spatial analysis simply via a web browser (such as Internet Explorer and Firefox).     

基于XML的气象数据订阅系统设计

随着超文本标记语言(XML)成为互联网上数据表示和交换的标准,出现了许多与之相关的应用。在分析WIS/GISC数据获取的功能和性能需求基础上,设计一套基于XML的异步通信气象数据订阅系统。介绍该订阅系统的建设背景、主要用途和适用范围,描述了通过XML描述气象元数据、订单和分发元数据的方案、订阅功能设计和并行处理模式,给出了系统的数据流程。设计方案在实际系统中得以实施,达到了应用需求。     

基于GML3.0与Direct3D的三维地形可视化研究与实现

三维地形可视化是三维GIS中的重要内容,本文分析了当前实现三维地形可视化的主要方法,对地理标记语言GML3·0以及三维图形库Direct3D进行了研究,并提出了利用GML3·0对空间地理数据进行编码以及利用Direct3D显示三维地形的方法,最后基于以上研究成果完成了一个三维地形可视化原型系统应用实例。     

基于GML+XSLT和SVG的矢量专题图绘制方法

地理标志语言GML和可缩放矢量图形SVG是2种基于XML的开放性、应用性标记语言;GML和SVG的出现解决了GIS数据的共享和GIS数据的显示的难题。专题地图是GIS中一个重要的功能,它能够直观地对与专题相关的一种或几种数据进行表示,使得数据更有说服力。提出了基于GML、XSLT和SVG实现专题图的方法;绘制了某城市10年的月平均降雨量的专题图。     

基于XML的地图专题分层及发布

原有的地图分层都是通过一些专业的G IS平台,用人工的方法按一定规则提取地物,然后将提取的地物作为一个个独立的图层,这种方法工作量极大,如果原始数据发生变化,所有的工作就得从来一遍。文章介绍了一种基于X M L的对地图专题分层的方法,可实现自动地物分层、方便地图发布。     

基于SVG的WebGIS

网络技术的飞速发展不但在于技术的深化．更在于新技术元素的创立。SVG作为网络图形的新家族成员,一改过去网络图形只重形式,忽略内容的缺点,渐渐显示其独特且强大之处,也为GIS提供了一个方便快捷的网络平台。本文探究基础地理信息系统功能在SVG中的实现技术。     

基于GML的GIS语义共享实现途径的探讨

GIS技术下的地理信息共享表现为GIS数据共享,在研究GIS数据共享时,是以最终实现地理信息共享为目的的。为达到这一目的,首先必须解决数据本身的共享问题,其次要解决数据所表达的语义的共享问题。探讨了构建基于GML(Geography Markup Language)的顾及语义的空间数据交换标准,并利用这一标准进行数据转换从而实现GIS语义共享。     

Web Service与地理信息互操作

结合当今主流IT将互联网带入Web Service的趋势,以GIS工作者的视角剖析、审视这一发展趋势对GIS互操作的重要意义。文章在介绍Web Service的设计理念及相关技术的基础上,分析了传统空间地理信息互操作技术的局限性,概括总结了Web Service在空间地理信息的共享、互操作和集成上的良好支持和适应性,指出Web Service是未来实现GIS互操作的最佳解决方案。     

剖面数据的XML格式设计

根据可扩展标记语言(XML)的原理,设计了针对剖面数据的XML存储格式,并给出了一个XBT实测剖面数据的实例。该格式可用于海洋环境要素的剖面数据交换,并可进一步用于断面数据的数据交换。