Characteristics and variation law of wind-blown sand delivered to the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River under a changing environment

Wind-blown sand is one of the key factors affecting the evolution of sediment transport,erosion,and deposition in rivers crossing desert areas.However,the differences and complex variations in the spatial and temporal distribution of the underlying surface conditions are seldom considered in research on the river inflow of wind-blown sand over a long time period.The Yellow River contains a large amount of sediment.The Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River was selected as the research ...     

Deductions from the Indication of Eclipses of Nova V1493 Aql

Our mainly R band photometry of V1493 Aql (1999) during its outburst, indicates periodic variations with a period of 0.156 days, seen only 5 days after the maximum in V. This period can be orbital. The light curve indicates in addition, the presence of a faint eclipse like feature. We try to explain its extremely low amlitude, as being due to the eclipse of an expanded white dwarf component of the binary below an optically thick wind. We discuss what conditions would be required for such an interpretation to work.     

基于World Wind Java的3D海洋石油平台管理系统的设计与实现

基于World Wind Java(WWJava)3D GIS平台,集成渤海海洋石油及平台管线信息、平台生产及排污信息、海洋环境信息,设计并实现了北海区海洋石油平台管理系统。系统采用B/S结构,通过"数字海洋"北海分局节点提供集成身份验证和数据服务环境,利用WWJava Applet提供3维地图支持,地图与数据页面使用JavaScript脚本进行交互,形成管理、查询、统计与业务支持为一体的综合地理信息业务支持系统。实际应用证明,本系统有效地提高了北海区海洋石油平台监管与问题处置能力。     

纬向平均的风向改变指数与季节转换

通过定义一个能客观定量描述大气环流四维时空变化的风向改变指数WI,用以研究大气环流的时空演变规律和季节转换。在对纬向平均的WI做了经验正交函数(EOF)分析后,得到了其前四个模态。第一模态揭示的是全年平均的WI空间分布的基态。第二模态反映的是WI场的偏差中呈现准调和变化的部分,热带、副热带、温寒带季风区在该模态中均有明显体现。第三模态反映的是WI场的偏差中呈现非调和变化的部分,该部分揭示了因南北半球海陆分布的差异和因大气、海洋流体的非线性效应,其所造成的从春到秋与从秋到春的季节变化的不对称性以及平流层的二月突变现象。第四模态反映的是全球各层盛行风反向区域从春到夏的北进和从夏到秋南撤的现象。     

Relating Urban Surface-layer Structure to Upwind Terrain for the Salford Experiment (Salfex)

Profiles of wind and turbulence over an urban area evolve with fetch in response to surface characteristics. Sodar measurements, taken on 22 April 2002 during the Salford Experiment in the UK (Salfex), are here related to upstream terrain. A logarithmic layer up to z = 65m was observed in all half-hour averaged profiles. Above this height the profile showed a different vertical gradient, suggesting a change in surface cover upstream. The drag coefficient varied by a factor of two over only a 20° direction change. Turbulence intensity (σ _x ) for each wind component (x) decreased with height, but the ratio suggested an underestimate of σ _u compared to previous results. Mean urban and suburban cover fraction within the source area for each height decreased sharply between z = 20 and 50m, increasing slightly above. The near-convergence of cover fractions thus occured for source areas of minimum length ≈ 2,200 m. In comparison, the mean length scale of heterogeneity L _P was calculated from surface cover data to be 1,284 m, and the corresponding mean blending height h _b was 175 m. Finally, the mean streamline angle, α, was negative and the magnitude decreased with height. An exponential fit to α for z ≤ 65m gave an e-folding height scale of 159 m. A simple relationship between this height scale and L _P was assumed, giving L _P ≈ 1,080 m, which is in reasonable agreement with the estimate from surface cover type. The results suggest that more emphasis is required on modelling and measuring surface-layer flow over heterogeneous urban canopies.     

风廓线雷达中风切变分析方法的初步研究

在风廓线雷达连续输出的风场时间高度显示图上,尝试进行风场的流线分析和风切变值等值线分析,以便用于识别强烈风切变区。在风场变化比较均匀时,分析出的线形分布比较平缓,而在风场变化比较剧烈的区域,风向等值线、垂直风切变等值线和流线三者一致表现出了汇聚特点,线形的分布也异常地密集,分析结果直观地反映出了风场分布的特征和危险性风切变区域,该结果有助于风切变自动识别方法的研究。     

河北城市化和观测环境改变对地面风速观测资料序列的影响

选用河北省143个气象台站1975-2004年10 m高年平均风速资料,以及1990年和2000年人口普查资料,根据人口增长、台站迁移、仪器高度变化、台站微观环境变化等影响地面风速变化的台站历史信息,把所有气象台站分为4类,并分别对其进行比较分析.结果表明:河北省绝大多数台站风速变化呈减小趋势;城市化进程、台站观测环境等因素均在不同程度上对地面平均风速变化趋势产生了影响,其中台站所在城镇城市化程度是风速减小趋势不可忽略的原因,其影响程度约在1/4左右;台站观测环境因素中观测场附近微观环境变化对风速减小趋势具有重要影响,超过了区域背景风速减小趋势.台站观测环境因素对风速资料序列均一性的影响也不容忽视,至少有1/3的平均风速序列非均一性断点是由观测环境变化产生的.     

复杂地形风场的精细数值模拟

风能是一种重要气候资源,随着我国风电规模的迅速增大,发展风能资源评估系统和风功率预测系统已成为一项重要的研究内容。国内外对复杂地形风场结构的数值模拟有大量研究,随着计算机能力增强,以往用于空气动力学精细流场计算的计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)模式越来越多地在气象领域得到应用,人们开始研究用中尺度预报模式和CFD模式结合进行复杂地形风场的数值模拟。本文的耦合模式系统采用中尺度气象模式(WRF),通过嵌套网格到内层尺度(一般是几公里),然后通过耦合CFD模式Fluent软件获得高分辨率(水平30~100 m,垂直150 m高度以下10 m)的风速分布资料,得到精细化的风场信息。通过对鄱阳湖北部区域和云南杨梅山复杂地形的风场模拟,提供了风能评估和预报的一种可行的方法。     

连云港沿海地区及近海风能资源评估

通过对连云港市30多年气象整编资料及沿海高密度自动气象站、6座测风塔、4座海岛气象站等加密观测资料研究,在充分考虑当地特殊地形特点的基础上,探讨了该地区沿海及近海风能资源的时空分布规律及特点,并重点对风湍流强度的特征及强湍流对风电的影响进行了剖析;研究表明,近海地区风能资源储量相对丰富,风速变化稳定,且风垂直切变较小,具有更为广阔的开发利用前景.     

中国北方农牧交错区交通用地风蚀个例分析-以河北丰宁县坝上大滩镇东沟村为例

对中国北方农牧交错区风蚀变化最为明显的地区进行定点研究,并选取一个小流域作为研究对象。测量了农村交通用地的土壤风蚀状况,计算结果表明：交通工具对十壤作用加速了土壤风蚀过程．扣除车轮挤压地面下降外,交通工具引起的土壤风蚀速率在2．9～3．8cm／a之间。由此可见。在减缓农牧交错区土壤风蚀方面。农村交通道路风蚀问题必须予以考虑。根据社会经济的发展．对交通道路进行固化可减缓这类用地的风蚀状况。