1959~2019年宣汉降水变化特征分析

选取1959~2019年宣汉气象站逐日降水数据,应用数理统计方法,分析了该地区的降水变化特征。结果表明：（1）1959年以来,宣汉年降水量呈增加趋势,气候倾向率为12.678mm/10a。（2）宣汉年均暴雨频次为4.7次/a,空间分布较为均匀,气候倾向率为0.1次/10a,集中出现在6~9月,其中7月最多,约占30%;年均大暴雨频次为0.5次/a,空间分布不均,近年频次增加,7月占比最大;伴有短时强降水的暴雨事件中,短时强降水主要出现在凌晨到上午,0~12时约占73.8%,其中又以8~10时最多。（3）宣汉年降水存在23~30a、12~20a及4~10a的周期变化特征,其中23~30a尺度代表性好,出现了3个较为完整的振荡周期。（4）宣汉暴雨频次存在25~32a、13~20a及4~10a的周期变化特征,其中13~20a尺度表现较好,出现了6.5个完整的振荡周期。     

青藏高原感热通量的变化及与江淮流域降水异常的关系

利用1979—2010年NCEP-R2再分析资料和全国586站降水资料, 对青藏高原感热通量进行小波变换和EOF分析, 并研究了它与江淮流域降水的关系。结果发现:高原感热通量具有2 a和8 a的变化周期。空间分布上主要有东、西反相变化和南、北反相变化以及全区一致性变化3种形态。高原感热通量与江淮流域降水异常的同期相关中, 1998年以来, 春季高原东部的感热通量偏小, 其他地区偏大, 与此同期江淮流域降水偏少;夏季西藏西部的感热通量偏小, 其他地区偏大, 与此同期江淮流域降水偏多。两者超前相关中, 江淮流域降水对春季的感热通量变化最敏感。1998年以来, 当春季高原东南部的感热通量偏小, 其他地区偏大时, 江淮流域的夏季降水偏多, 秋季降水偏少;当春季高原感热通量东部偏小, 西部偏大时, 江淮流域的冬季降水以长江为界南多北少, 次年春季降水偏少。     

大数据环境下Spark性能优化分析研究与应用

针对长时间序列、多站点和多气象要素的大数据量查询需求,现有的CIMISS(China Integrated Meteorologi-cal Information Sharing System)存在支撑能力严重不足的问题.本研究使用广西气象站点建站至今的历史地面气象记录月报表数据资料和现有Hadoop集群物理资源,重新...     

Characterization of Coherent structures in the Atmospheric Surface Layer

The ramplike coherent structures, observed in the temporal series of temperature and humidity in the atmospheric surface layer, are analyzed using the intermittency function and the wavelet transforms, with Haar, D4 and Mexican Hat functions as mother wavelets, in order to find the most efficient conditional sampling technique. It was found that the intermittency function and the wavelet transform, using Mexican Hat as mother wavelet, are the only ones that sample structures that fulfill the ramplike coherent structures definition of a slow rise followed by a sudden drop in the temporal series. The conditionally averaged structures detected by both techniques were similar for temperature, humidity, and vertical velocity at heights of 3, 5, and 9.4 m. Significant discrepancies were found among the conditional averaged structures detected by both techniques for zonal and meridional components of the wind at 11.5 m. Considering both techniques, it was observed that the averagedcoherent-structure duration ranged from 23.7 ± 0.5 s to 37.8 ± 3.0 s. Furthermore, the averaged number of events per 20-minute period ranged from 20.0 ± 1.0 to 28.5 ± 1.1, and the averaged intermittency factor from 45.0 ± 0.4% to 59.1 ± 1.3%. It was also observed that the averaged duration of the ramplike coherent structures increases with height, while their intensity, number, and intermittency factor decrease. Despite the good matching obtained for temperature and humidity, the coherent-structure properties did not show the expected variation with wind speed, stability parameter, and friction velocity. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test indicated that the intermittent function and the wavelet transform did not detect coherent structures belonging to the same population.     

Wavelet multiresolution based multifractal analysis of electric fields by lightning return strokes

Lightning can be seen as a large-scale cooperative phenomenon, which may evolve in a self-similar cascaded way. Using the electric field waveforms recorded by the slow antenna system, the mono- and multifractal behaviors of 115 first return strokes in negative cloud-to-ground discharges have been investigated with a wavelet multiresolution based multifractal method. The results show that the return stroke process, in term of its electric field waveform, has apparent fractality and strong degree of multifractality. The multifractal spectra obtained for the 115 cases are all well fitted to a modified version of the binomial cascade multifractal model. The width of the multifractal spectra, which measure the strength of multifractality, is 1.6 on average. The fractal dimension of the electric field waveforms ranges from 1.2 to 1.5 with an average of 1.3, a similar value to the fractal dimension of the lightning channel obtained by others. This suggests that the lightning-produced electric fields may have the same fractal dimension as its channel. The relationship between the peak current of a return stroke and the charge deposition in its channel is also discussed. The results suggest that the wavelet and scaling analysis may be a powerful tool in interpretation of the lightning-produced electric fields and therefore in understanding lightning.     

一种小波综合阈值地震信号降噪方法

小波阈值方法中硬、软阈值方法是地震信号降噪常用方法,但容易造成信号中高频信息丢失导致地震误判和漏判情况发生。小波综合阈值方法继承和发展了硬、软阈值降噪方法的优点,对信号高频部分用硬阈值方法,以提高高频信号能量,对信号低频部分用软阈值方法,提高信号降噪能力的同时保证信号连续性和光滑性。利用噪声信号小波系数小和地震信号小波系数大的特征,进行雷克子波降噪仿真实验和实际地震信号降噪实验。仿真实验表明,小波综合阈值方法降噪后波形MSE值最小,且降噪后与原信号波形最近似,降噪后波形高频部分能量增强且抑制低频部分能量。最后,对实际采集的地震信号进行降噪处理,处理后信号中能量增强被压制,利用处理后的信号可得到地震的初至时间。     

基于希尔伯特-黄变换的汶川地震记录分析

利用HHT方法对6个台站的汶川8.0级地震加速度记录进行EMD分解,进而对地震波输入结构的总能量进行分解,得到地震动能量在IMF分量之间的分布关系。同时通过对各分量边际能量谱的分析,可以从另一方面得到地震波的频谱特性,边际能量谱峰值频率与地震波傅立叶谱的卓越频率相同,边际能量谱也可以作为一种估算震动卓越周期的方法。     

小波分析在库尔勒地震台气氡资料处理中的应用

选取库尔勒台2008～2010年气氡观测资料,利用尺度为4的db4小波对其进行处理,并分别对其低频和高频短期异常进行研究。结果表明,该方法对不同频率的信息识别功能较强,有助于将数据的趋势变化和局部变化分离,能够有效地识别与消除干扰因素,提取短期异常,是地震前兆数据处理的一种有效方法。结合震例研究表明,台站周围200km范围内4级地震发生前3～5个月气氡出现异常。     

全球及各地震区带强震活动周期特征

基于地震活动周期谱的Morlet小波分析,确定了全球和13个地震区带的强震活动周期及其置信度.结果显示全球地震活动存在着多个显著稳定的活动周期,而各地震区带除了存在着与全球整体地震活动基本一致的周期外,还存在着特有的活动周期成分.本文研究为探讨全球及区域强震活动趋势及其动力源提供了基础数据.     

基于Hilbert-Huang变换的长周期地震动能量时频分布比较研究

远场类谐和地震动与近断层脉冲型地震动是两种不同类型的长周期地震动,确定其能量的时频分布特性对理解长周期地震动作用下长周期结构的反应特点及揭示结构破坏机理具有重要意义.各选10条远场类谐和地震动、近断层脉冲型地震动与普通地震动,利用Hilbert-Huang变换,提取出各地震动的3-D Hilbert幅值谱、边际谱、Hilbert能量谱与瞬时能量曲线,在此基础上提出累积能量谱、强频段、能量时间分布系数等概念,定义了多个指标对比分析三类地震动的长周期特性、宽频带特性和脉冲特性.结果表明:与普通地震动相比,远场类谐和地震动与近断层脉冲型地震动的能量主要集中于较低的频段,长周期特性明显,且远场类谐和地震动的能量集中频段低于近断层脉冲型地震动;远场类谐和地震动的强频段宽度小于其他两类地震动,且能量在强频段内的分布比其他两类地震动均匀;与其他两类地震动相比,远场类谐和地震动的脉冲特性不明显;三类地震动的卓越频率与能量时间分布系数均存在明显的分布规律,可以作为地震动的能量表征参数.