层次分析法(AHP)在三江平原地质环境质量评价中的应用

应用层次分析法(AHP)对影响三江平原环境地质质量的岩石、土壤和水3个子系统分别进行评价，通过分析影响各子系统的主要因子，建立子系统层次结构模型和质量指数数学模型，得出各子系统的质量指数，从而评价出各个子系统的质量状况。在此基础上，建立地质环境系统质量评价的层次结构模型和数学模型，计算出地质环境质量指数，并对该地区的质量状况进行评价，得出三江地区总体环境地质状况是好的结论。     

测绘职业教育教学改革探讨

随着空间科学技术和计算机技术的发展，以“3S”技术为代表的测绘高新技术已普遍应用于测绘生产中。作为培养测绘实用型人才的测绘职业学校，测绘专业如何重新划分、测绘教育与教学内容如何改革，是测绘教育界普遍关注的问题，本文从教学的角度对有关问题进行了探讨。     

测绘情报工作发展战略思考

本文通过对“十五”期间测绘情报工作的回顾，分析了目前测绘情报研究存在的主要问题，讨论了今后测绘情报工作的发展对策。     

明代军事地理研究概述

军事地理是谋兵布防的平台。明代被迫在南北两条战线作战：北部沿长城一线防御少数民族南下；东南沿海抗击倭寇入侵。因此，明代格外重视军事地理的研究，研究成果丰硕，著述很多。概述明代军事地理研究成果，不仅是回顾历史，而是借鉴经验。一些著作中提出的御敌方略至今有参考价值。     

青藏高原东部牧区雪灾的环流型及水汽场分析

冬、春季雪灾是青藏高原东部牧区重要的灾害性天气。本文利用历史天气图和国家气象中心T106L19全球模式的分析值格点资料，分析了青藏高原东部牧区近20年来冬，冬季降雨的天气形势和水汽场。结果表明，北脊南槽型、乌山脊型、阶梯槽型和国境槽型是造成高原东部牧区降雪的四类主要环流型；在高原东部牧区强降雪天气过程时气柱可降水量有明显增加，记要降雪区与水汽通量辐合区吻合，主要水汽来自孟加拉湾地区。     

Soluble organic compounds in fog and cloud droplets: what have we learned over the past few years?

We have recently set up a new procedure for characterising the water soluble organic compounds (WSOC) in fog water, for which information is still rather limited. Fog samples collected during the 1998–1999 fall–winter season in the Po Valley (Italy) were analysed following this procedure, which allows a quantitative determination of three main classes of organic compounds (neutral species, mono- and di-carboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids), together accounting for ca. 85% of the total WSOC. This procedure also provides information on the main chemical characteristics of these three classes of compounds (functional groups, aliphatic vs. aromatic character, etc.). The enhanced chemical knowledge on fog/cloud chemical composition opens new scenarios as far as chemical and microphysical processes in clouds and fogs are concerned.     

基于MAPGIS的掌上电子平板的设计与实现

在测量单位，采用电子手簿进行野外测量是非常普遍的，但是电子手簿有个缺点就是只能记录点，无法查看所测图形。随着硬件的发展，使用掌上电脑，开发掌上电子平板，以其方便、灵活、图形可视性好、功能强大等优点可以取代传统的电子手簿。基于WINDOWS CE操作系统和MAPGIS平台，根据界面图形化、格式标准化、图形可视化等原则，设计了一个完整的集计算、采集、管理于一体的野外现场成图系统。该系统能够记录原始数据、图形以及属性，能够方便地注记文字；实现野外现场成图，无需内业进行编辑。同时，介绍了数据通讯、UNICODE编码、符号库设计、图形显示、修测等功能，以及实现方法。     

基于MAPGIS的军事标图系统的设计

军事领域是一个非常特殊的行业，信息的安全性和空间数据的多样性是应用开发的重要问题。在全球信息化日趋高速发展和逐步成熟的今天，军队信息化建设也必须与GIS技术紧密结合，跟上时代前进的步伐。较系统地研究了GIS技术在军事标图绘制中的应用和集成问题，并提供了相应的理论方法和实现系统。在此基础上介绍了以MAPGIS为开发平台的军事标绘系统的实用功能和特点。首先分析了军事信息系统对地理信息数据的要求，并且评述了相关领域的研究现状。然后较为系统地介绍了军事标图系统的总体设计，根据军事标绘对象的数据特征，设计符合要求的应用系统提出了面向对象和无缝交互工具等的设计思想。对军标对象数据模型和操作模型进行了详细地阐述和说明，并将这些模型在系统中进行了实现。最后介绍了军事标图系统的主要模块和功能，探讨了今后GIS研究和发展的方向。     

Ground‐shaking mapping for a scenario earthquake considering effects of geological conditions: a case study for the 1995 Hyogo‐ken Nanbu,Japan earthquake

In order to examine the applicability of ground‐shaking mapping techniques to a near‐field earthquake, a peak ground velocity map of the 1995 Hyogo‐ken Nanbu, Japan earthquake computed from seismic zoning methods that consider the effects of geological conditions is compared with the actual observed intensity map. When computing the ground‐shaking map, the site amplification at each site is calculated in terms of the average shear‐wave velocity of the ground estimated from the corresponding geomorphological conditions. This map shows a relatively good agreement with the observed intensity map. However, the computations provide smaller values for certain disastrous areas of the earthquake, where the effects on ground motion of a deep, irregular underground structure have been reported. The effect of such structures on site response is examined implementing 2D FEM analyses, thereby being also incorporated into the method. Results considering the effect of the irregular underground structure show better agreement with the observed intensity map. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

应用等效纬度-海拔模型进行地温及多年冻土制图

This research presents a method for permafrost mapping in discontinuous permafrost regions based on equivalent latitude/elevation concept in interior Alaska. In winter months, study site has a strong temperature inversion in air up to 700 m elevation. Air temperature data and the effects of slope, aspect and elevation were used to create an equivalent latitude/elevation model. This model was well correlated with mean annual surface temperature (0.79). In this watershed, the thawing index (It≈1 400 ℃*days) at the ground surface and snow depth do not vary greatly from south facing to north facing slopes. The primary controlled factor that determines the mean annual surface temperature was the winter surface temperature. The permafrost stability is effectively controlled by the freezing index. We determined 37.5% of Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed has unstable or thawing permafrost. At least 2.1% of the permafrost in this watershed may have disappeared in the last 90 years due to climate warming. This method makes it possible to evaluate the permafrost stability in the present, past and future.