构建信息化测绘保障体系的思考

结合工作实际,探讨了信息化测绘保障体系的基本内涵、主要特征,以及构建信息化测绘保障体系应强化的四种信息意识和应把握的四个重点问题,以供商榷。     

Quantifying uncertainty in remote sensing-based urban land-use mapping

Land-use/land-cover information constitutes an important component in the calibration of many urban growth models. Typically, the model building involves a process of historic calibration based on time series of land-use maps. Medium-resolution satellite imagery is an interesting source for obtaining data on land-use change, yet inferring information on the use of urbanised spaces from these images is a challenging task that is subject to different types of uncertainty. Quantifying and reducing the uncertainties in land-use mapping and land-use change model parameter assessment are therefore crucial to improve the reliability of urban growth models relying on these data. In this paper, a remote sensing-based land-use mapping approach is adopted, consisting of two stages: (i) estimating impervious surface cover at sub-pixel level through linear regression unmixing and (ii) inferring urban land use from urban form using metrics describing the spatial structure of the built-up area, together with address data. The focus lies on quantifying the uncertainty involved in this approach. Both stages of the land-use mapping process are subjected to Monte Carlo simulation to assess their relative contribution to and their combined impact on the uncertainty in the derived land-use maps. The robustness to uncertainty of the land-use mapping strategy is addressed by comparing the most likely land-use maps obtained from the simulation with the original land-use map, obtained without taking uncertainty into account. The approach was applied on the Brussels-Capital Region and the central part of the Flanders region (Belgium), covering the city of Antwerp, using a time series of SPOT data for 1996, 2005 and 2012. Although the most likely land-use map obtained from the simulation is very similar to the original land-use map – indicating absence of bias in the mapping process – it is shown that the errors related to the impervious surface sub-pixel fraction estimation have a strong impact on the land-use map's uncertainty. Hence, uncertainties observed in the derived land-use maps should be taken into account when using these maps as an input for modelling of urban growth.     

An ensemble pansharpening approach for finer-scale mapping of sugarcane with Landsat 8 imagery

We tested the effects of three fast pansharpening methods – Intensity-Hue-Saturation (IHS), Brovey Transform (BT), and Additive Wavelet Transform (AWT) – on sugarcane classification in a Landsat 8 image (bands 1–7), and proposed two ensemble pansharpening approaches (band stacking and band averaging) which combine the pixel-level information of multiple pansharpened images for classification. To test the proposed ensemble pansharpening approaches, we classified “sugarcane” and “other” land cover in the unsharpened Landsat multispectral image, the individual pansharpened images, and the band-stacked and band-averaged ensemble images using Support Vector Machines (SVM), and assessed the classification accuracy of each image. Of the individual pansharpened images, the AWT image achieved higher classification accuracy than the unsharpened image, while the IHS and BT images did not. The band-stacked ensemble images achieved higher classification accuracies than the unsharpened and individual pansharpened images, with the IHS-BT-AWT band-stacked image producing the most accurate classification result, followed by the IHS-BT band-stacked image. The ensemble images containing averaged pixel values from multiple pansharpened images achieved lower classification accuracies than the band-stacked ensemble images, but most still had higher accuracies than the unsharpened and individual pansharpened results. Our results indicate that ensemble pansharpening approaches have the potential to increase classification accuracy, at least for relatively simple classification tasks. Based on the results of the study, we recommend further investigation of ensemble pansharpening for image analysis (e.g. classification and regression tasks) in agricultural and non-agricultural environments.     

A GIHS-based spectral preservation fusion method for remote sensing images using edge restored spectral modulation

High spatial resolution and spectral fidelity are basic standards for evaluating an image fusion algorithm. Numerous fusion methods for remote sensing images have been developed. Some of these methods are based on the intensity–hue–saturation (IHS) transform and the generalized IHS (GIHS), which may cause serious spectral distortion. Spectral distortion in the GIHS is proven to result from changes in saturation during fusion. Therefore, reducing such changes can achieve high spectral fidelity. A GIHS-based spectral preservation fusion method that can theoretically reduce spectral distortion is proposed in this study. The proposed algorithm consists of two steps. The first step is spectral modulation (SM), which uses the Gaussian function to extract spatial details and conduct SM of multispectral (MS) images. This method yields a desirable visual effect without requiring histogram matching between the panchromatic image and the intensity of the MS image. The second step uses the Gaussian convolution function to restore lost edge details during SM. The proposed method is proven effective and shown to provide better results compared with other GIHS-based methods.     

An automated approach to vertical road characterisation using mobile LiDAR systems: Longitudinal profiles and cross-sections

The characterisation the vertical profiles and cross-sections of roads is important for the verification of proper construction and road safety assessment. The goal of this paper is the extraction of geometric parameters through the automatic processing of mobile LiDAR system (MLS) point clouds. Massive and complex datasets provided by the MLS are processed using a hierarchical strategy that includes segmentation, principal component analysis (PCA)-based orthogonal regression, filtering and parameter extraction procedures. Best-fit geometric parameters act as a vertical road model for both linear parameters (slope and vertical curves) and cross-sections (superelevations). The proposed automatic processing approach gives satisfactory results for the analysed scenario.     

江苏省第一次地理国情普查实施初探

第一次全国地理国情普查是党的十八大之后,国务院部署的一项重要任务,通过全面准确地掌握地表自然和人文地理信息现状和空间分布情况,为国家发展战略与规划的制定和实施、国土空间开发格局和各类资源配置的优化提供重要依据,对于支撑宏观决策,满足经济社会发展和生态文明建设需求具有历史性和里程碑式的意义。本文通过论述江苏省第一次地理国情普查的目的意义、对象任务、主要内容、技术路线、主要方法以及质量控制,初步探索了江苏省地理国情普查的实施模式。     

南京测绘成果数据质量评定系统的设计与实现

本文依据测绘成果质量检查与验收的相关规定,结合南京的测绘产品质量管理的实际情况,实现了检验方案的制定、质量检查、质量评价等工作流程,达到了质量评定的规范化管理的目的,实现质量评定成果统一化、规则化和标准化,具有较广泛的推广应用价值。     

泰州市海陵区城镇地籍调查技术方法探讨

江苏范围内城镇地籍调查工作开展了很多年,取得了大量的地籍调查成果和地籍调查经验。为满足泰州市海陵区土地管理和城市建设的需要,泰州市国土资源局海陵分局区委托作者及其单位实施了海陵区城镇地籍调查,该项目采用综合利用江苏省全球导航卫星连续运行参考站综合服务系统（Jiangsu Continuously Operating Refer-ence Stations,JSCORS）、全球定位系统（Global Positioning System,GPS）以及性能优越的TOPCON免棱镜全站仪,根据测区不同区域的地形地貌特点针对性的进行地籍测量,即好又快的为该项目的顺利完成提供了优良的技术保障。本文通过对泰州市海陵区地籍调查、地籍测量工作方法进行了总结,旨在进一步提高城镇地籍测量的成果质量与工作效率。     

无锡市水利普查成果展示系统的设计与实现

全国第一次水利普查完成数据成果汇总后,成果展示及开发应用相即展开。无锡市水利局结合自身工作及管理需要,构建了完善且适合本地需要的水利空间成果库和属性库,以地理信息技术为支撑,实现了无锡市水利普查成果"一张图"展示。无锡市水利普查成果展示系统建设以水利管理部门需求为依托,分析各项管理工作对地理信息系统提出的功能需求,系统实现对无锡市河湖水系、水利设施等进行定位、搜索、属性信息存取与分析处理等。使水利普查成果成为动态服务地图,既方便使用者查看,也便于分析水利要素周围情况及合理性,同时为水利管理工作人员规划决策提供依据。本系统将无锡市水利普查成果应用到实际工作中,为无锡市水利信息化服务,使水利普查成果为民所用。     

一级检查在航测外业调绘中的应用与探讨

结合工作实践,主要探讨了一级检查在1：5000及1：10000航测外业调绘工作中的应用,并对如何提高产品质量做一定的思考和研究。