利用层次Voronoi图进行点群综合

通过距离权重描述点的重要程度,采用改进的k-means算法得到点群的聚类中心,进而以聚类中心为基础,构建了层次加权Voronoi图与Voronoi层次树结构.以点群的分布范围、排列方式与密度为度量,给出了基于Voronoi层次树结构的点群综合方法,确保了点群综合前后在空间形态分布上的一致性.结合地理统计学计算,对综合方法作了进一步的量化评估与优化.经验证,本文方法是可行、有效的.     

基于网络Voronoi图启发式和群智能的最大覆盖空间优化

提出一种基于网络Voronoi面域图的最大覆盖选址模型及相应的粒子群优化方法,并应用于城市响应时间敏感型公共服务设施的空间优化。本文考虑设施功能沿交通网络辐射以及需求非均匀分布情形,对设施在网络连续空间上进行布局优化,选址模型采用网络Voronoi面域图划分布局设施的功能辐射域,以启发空间优化最小化重叠覆盖。模型同时顾及了设施利用率的最大化,规定设施对给定距离以内的需求实行的完全服务覆盖和对给定距离以外的需求实行随距离衰减的部分服务覆盖。本研究提出基于遗传机制和广义Voronoi图改进的粒子群算法以提高其空间优化性能,通过对南京市消防站最大覆盖空间优化实验表明,该研究取得了较为理想的结果,可应用于城市化区域应急设施最大覆盖空间优化。     

三维散乱点云的Voronoi拓扑近邻点集查询算法

提出一种三维散乱点云的Voronoi拓扑近邻点集查询算法,该算法改进R*-tree建立三维散乱点云的空间索引结构,采用动态扩展空心球算法获取样点的k近邻点集,通过偏心扩展和自适应扩展获取样点拓扑近邻参考数据,生成该局部点集的Voronoi图,查询样点Voronoi邻域获取样点拓扑近邻点集。通过算法时间复杂度分析及相关实验,证明该算法可快速、准确地获取任意复杂散乱点云的Voronoi拓扑近邻点集。     

Alteration Geochemistry of Volcanic Rocks around Sarcheshmeh Porphyry Copper Deposit,Rafsanjan, Kerman,Iran: Implications for Regional Exploration

To discriminate the mineral potentiality of the trachybasalt around the Miocene Sarcheshmeh porphyry copper deposit, petrogeochemical characteristics of more than 45 samples of the volcanic rocks were studied. Sarcheshmeh is one of the world's largest Miocene porphyry copper deposits in a continental arc setting and contains about 1200 million tonnes of ores with an average grade of 1.2 percent copper, 0.03 percent molybdenum, 3.9 g/t Ag and 0.11 g/t Au. The biotized and sericitized trachybasalts around the Sarcheshmeh deposit are associated with chalcopyrite, pyrite and molybdenite and and are enriched in Cu (>3108 ppm), K₂O (>4.2%), Rb (>155 ppm) and MgO (>2.9%), but depleted in yttrium (<11 ppm), MnO (<0.06%), CaO (<0.6%), Na₂O (<0.33%), Sr (<107 ppm), and Ba (<181 ppm). The propylitized trachybasalts are enriched in CaO (>9.1%), Na₂O (>3.2%), MnO (>0.24%), Y (>18.2 ppm), and Ba (>323 ppm). The results demonstrate that the diagrams of loss on ignition ? Cu, Cu ? Y, K₂O/K₂O + Na₂O + CaO ? Cu and Y ? MnO may be used as an exploration guide for undiscovered porphyry copper mineralization in the Central Iranian volcano—plutonic copper belt.     

加权Voronoi图在城镇经济区划分中的应用——以十堰市为例

划分城镇经济区对于进行城乡产业和公共服务设施布局、统筹城乡协调发展具有重要意义。通过构建评价指标体系,运用主成分分析与重力模型法,计算城镇发展潜力,在此基础上选择了14个中心镇,并求得其与中心城市、特区及城关镇的中心性强度。根据断裂点理论,运用加权Voronoi图,以城镇中心性强度值的平方根为权重划分各中心城镇的空间影响范围。在保持乡镇行政区完整性的前提下,对城镇影响范围进行调整,最终确定了十堰市22个城镇经济区的覆盖范围。结果表明,城镇影响范围还取决于中心城镇间的距离,城镇经济区范围通常与行政范围不一致。在今后的研究中还需考虑自然资源、周边城市影响等因素,不断完善研究方法。     

Evolution of H2O content in a polymetamorphic terrane: the Plattengneiss Shear Zone (Koralpe, Austria)

The Koralpe of the Eastern European Alps experienced high-temperature/low-pressure metamorphism (∼650 °C and 6.5 kbar) during the Permian and eclogite facies metamorphism (∼700 °C and 14 kbar) during the Eo-Alpine (Cretaceous) metamorphic event. In the metapelitic Plattengneiss shear zone that constitutes much of the Koralpe, the second metamorphism caused only partial re-equilibration of the assemblages formed during the first metamorphism. It is shown here that the Eo-Alpine mineral assemblage, garnet + biotite + muscovite + plagioclase + quartz (with or without kyanite), formed under low water activity conditions that are consistent with the level of dehydration that occurred during the Permian event. This implies that the rocks were essentially closed-system from the peak of the Permian metamorphism through the Eo-Alpine event. The evolution of water content of the rocks is traced through time: that prograde dewatering during the Permian metamorphic event terminated at the metamorphic peak with a water content around 3–4 mol.%. The water content remained then constant and led to water-undersaturation during the subsequent Eo-Alpine metamorphism. From the water content and activity evolution a post-peak isothermal decompression path close to the solidus is inferred for the Eo-Alpine event.     

Thermochemistry of monazite-(La) and dissakisite-(La): implications for monazite and allanite stability in metapelites

Thermochemical properties have been either measured or estimated for synthetic monazite, LaPO₄, and dissakisite, CaLaMgAl₂(SiO₄)₃OH, the Mg-equivalent of allanite. A dissakisite formation enthalpy of ?6,976.5 ± 10.0 kJ mol^?1 was derived from high-temperature drop-solution measurements in lead borate at 975 K. A third-law entropy value of 104.9 ± 1.6 J mol^?1 K^?1 was retrieved from low-temperature heat capacity (C _p) measured on synthetic LaPO₄ with an adiabatic calorimeter in the 30–300 K range. The C _p values of lanthanum phases were measured in the 143–723 K range by differential scanning calorimetry. In this study, La(OH)₃ appeared as suitable for drop solution in lead borate and represents an attractive alternative to La₂O₃. Pseudo-sections were calculated with the THERIAK-DOMINO software using the thermochemical data retrieved here for a simplified metapelitic composition (La = ∑REE + Y) and considering monazite and Fe-free epidotes along the dissakisite-clinozoïsite join, as the only REE-bearing minerals. Calculation shows a stability window for dissakisite-clinozoïsite epidotes (T between 250 and 550°C and P between 1 and 16 kbar), included in a wide monazite field. The P–T extension of this stability window depends on the bulk-rock Ca-content. Assuming that synthetic LaPO₄ and dissakisite-(La) are good analogues of natural monazite and allanite, these results are consistent with the REE-mineralogy sequence observed in metapelites, where (1) monazite is found to be stable below 250°C, (2) around 250–450°C, depending on the pressure, allanite forms at the expense of monazite and (3) towards amphibolite conditions, monazite reappears at the expense of allanite.     

重庆丘陵地区农村居民点空间布局优化——以长寿区海棠镇为例

以农村居民点斑块为研究单元,在分析海棠镇农村居民点斑块综合影响力的基础上,基于不同地貌,制定差异化的空间布局优化策略,并应用加权Voronoi图指导居民点斑块的迁移方向。结果表明:1海棠镇村级影响力居民点斑块面积183.57 hm2(183个);社级影响力居民点斑块面积206.86 hm2(391个);零星居民点斑块面积31.49 hm2(118个),影响力较大的居民点斑块主要分布在海棠镇中东部地势较平缓的区域;2通过布局优化,全镇农村居民点斑块总面积从优化前的421.92 hm2减少到优化后的353.73 hm2,减少了16.16%;居民点斑块密度由优化前的14.74个/km2降低到8.94个/km2,降低幅度达39.35%;居民点斑块平均面积从优化前的0.61 hm2增大到0.84 hm2,增加了37.70%。海棠镇农村居民点"小散乱"的空间分布现状得到较大改善。     

GIS数据尺度变换中的信息熵变化

基于Shannon信息熵原理的GIS数据信息量表达属于语言学信息体系中的语法层次,描述了空间目标分布结构上的不确定性特征。该文将该信息量测度方法应用于空间数据的尺度变换中,考察尺度变换中空间数据语法结构在统计意义上的变化特点,进而通过信息熵的变化发掘尺度变化中空间数据信息量的变化规律。基于空间目标群的Voronoi图剖分建立信息熵度量,以空间尺度变换中的移位、合并两种典型操作为案例,研究了面状目标群尺度变换中信息量衰减的初步规律,并尝试将其结论用于地图综合方法质量评价。     

Plate tectonic settings for Precambrian basic rocks from Brazil by multidimensional tectonomagmatic discrimination diagrams and their limitations

Multidimensional discrimination diagrams (2006–2011) for basic and ultrabasic igneous rocks were applied to Precambrian rock suites from the Amazonian and São Francisco cratons, and the Tocantins Province, Brazil, to infer their possible tectonic settings. The chosen study cases in the Amazonian craton include the ca. 3.0 Ga metabasalts of the Identidade greenstone belt, 1.87–1.80 Ga Parauapebas anorogenic basalt-rhyolite dikes, 1.86–1.82 Ga Rio Branco anorogenic gabbro-basalt association, ca. 1.76–1.74 Ga Aripuanã and Teles Pires intracratonic basalt-felsic volcanic associations, and 1.76–1.74 Ga Jamari and 1.60–1.53 Ga Serra da Providência arc-related gabbroic rocks. In the São Francisco craton, we selected 1.48 Ga arc-related amphibolites of the Rio Capim greenstone belt, continental mafic dikes of Uauá (2.6 Ga), Curaçá and Chapada Diamantina (1.5 Ga), and Espinhaço (ca. 1.0 Ga). In the Tocantins Province, ca. 3.0 Ga komatiites associated with oceanic basalts of the Crixás and Guarinos greenstone belts were studied. The application of the diagrams generally provided consistent results with the authors’ proposed tectonic settings based on field relationships and geochemical data. The exceptions are some within-plate (continental) mafic dikes and basalts for which our diagrams do not work well. For comparison, we also used two ternary and two bivariate traditional discrimination diagrams for the data from the Amazonian craton, whose results were poorer than the newer multidimensional diagrams.