基于MODIS数据的渤海海冰遥感探测系统的设计

为了满足渤海海冰预报业务化的需求,针对渤海海冰和MODIS数据的特点,结合MO-DIS-TERRA数据,编程实现了基于MODIS数据的渤海海冰遥感探测系统.系统以IDL和VisualC++作为开发语言,为海冰信息提取提供了一个统一的平台,实现了海冰面积、海冰外缘线、海冰厚度和海冰密集度信息提取,并以专题图和数值的形式输...     

光性矿物检索鉴定程序设计原理与应用

计算机技术常应用到镜下鉴定光性矿物工作中,本文以Visual Basic为工具开发出用于镜下鉴定矿物的辅助分析程序,介绍了光性矿物鉴定程序的设计原理和使用方法,包括矿物属性分析及赋值、鉴定误差减小方法及其应用。在光性矿物镜下鉴定时输入所观察矿物全部或部分光学性质,通过程序计算与比较,显示出最可能的查询矿物。矿物检索以贵橄榄石为例,在输入正确光性矿物属性的前提下,可准确地得出鉴定结果,有效地提高了镜下矿物鉴定的效率和准确度;查询结果中配有详细图片和属性描述,可以进一步查询矿物的详细光学性质、成因产状及其他鉴定特征;此外鉴定分析程序也可以用于建立矿物信息数据库。     

视觉比例尺对建立心像地图的影响

地图并不是地面实际情况的简单缩小的拷贝,它是人类依据不同需要对地面事物认识后进行抽象和概括的地面模型。比例尺不仅确立了图面与实地之间的几何比例关系,而且反映了人类对空间认知抽象的程度。地图作为人类进行空间认知的有力工具,其地位从来就没有被其它的事物所动摇过,究其原因是地图的空间表达方式比其它表达方式更适合人类的思维。心像地图是人脑在综合了或智能处理了各种感觉所获得的诸多信息后产生的内部表征。而地图又是诸多信息源中最为重要的一种形式。本文通过视觉感受到心像的形成过程、分析心像地图的特性,提出了适应视觉感受因素的视觉比例尺的概念,并分析了视觉比例尺对建立心像地图的影响。     

电子地图的色彩配合实验

在地图的色彩设计中,设计人员不仅要考虑色彩单独使用的效果,而且要考虑地图上各要素的色彩配合,即各种色彩在图面上的整体感受效果。电子地图由于有极大的色彩选择空间,背景色也不局限于白色,因而选色、配色比纸质地图更加复杂。用哪种颜色作为背景色视觉效果较好?图面上各要素的色彩如何配合?针对这两个问题,作者设计了电子地图的一个色彩感受实验——色彩配合实验,利用自编的电子地图视觉感受测试软件(TEVP)进行了实验,文中介绍了该实验的方法和思路。     

水利工程建设对地下水影响的数值模拟分析

工程开挖及建成后对含水层结构的改造,无疑会对开挖区周围地下水造成影响。利用数值模拟方法分析预测某水利工程尾水渠开挖及建成后周围地下水水位的变化。预测结果,大开挖后周边地下水位将快速降低,且不同地段水位降幅不同,右岸阶地内水位降低约0.26~7.26 m,工程建成后,阶地内水位将逐渐恢复,但相比施工前水位仍降低0.09~0.38 m。分析水文地质结构,合理概化,建立数值模型,对于分析工程开挖对地下水的影响,是种有效方法。     

VisualModflow模型在白涧铁矿区矿井涌水量预测中的应用

在分析确定白涧矿区水文地质边界条件的基础上,运用实测资料对Visu-almodflow模型进行识别和验证,同时修正了含水层的参数,修正后的模型较为可靠,可用于白涧矿区涌水量的预测。依据矿区奥灰含水层边界条件和渗透系数的不同,设计了-200m和-400m水平面不同边界及渗透系数三个方案对矿井的涌水量进行预测。结果表明:方案2的涌水量比较合理,能较真实的反映白涧铁矿矿体分布区水位疏降至-400m时的涌水量情况,预测其涌水量为7505m3/h。      

Cultural climatology and the representation of sky, atmosphere, weather and climate in selected art works of Constable, Monet and Eliasson

The visual turn presents new challenges and methodologies for the pursuit of geography as we seek to communicate our ideas and understanding within and beyond the discipline. This paper attempts to show the potential importance of visual culture within a field that we may call cultural climatology. Cultural climatology seeks to explore the dialectic between society and atmosphere, weather and climate at a variety of temporal and spatial scales. A new visual approach to cultural climatology is presented as a possible way of stimulating conversations across the divide between the social and physical sciences. Images and visualisation assert their presence in the understanding, modelling and communication of many nature/culture debates, highlighting a need both for visual literacy across geography, and for social and physical scientists to share their visual methodologies. Cultural climatologists, like other scientists, need visual methodologies for both the critical construction and deconstruction of the images they wish to present and with which they are confronted. To illustrate the importance of visual literacy for cultural climatologists this paper introduces a sample of works from three artists: Constable, Monet and Eliasson. It shows how an exploration of their work (via a theory of pictures) could help to provide: firstly a methodology for understanding the cultural symbolism of skies and weather; secondly an assessment of the urban atmosphere in London at the turn of the 20th century and thirdly an example of the effective representation of atmosphere, weather and climate involving public participation and understanding. Lessons learned from deconstructing these works of art will then be used to suggest improvements in the visualisation of weather in the production and consumption of weather forecasts (thus, picturing theory).     

利用WEB技术建立新型决策气象服务平台

利用最新的WEB技术,吸取传统的Client/Server模式的优点,建立新型的决策气象服务平台.     

The impact of armed conflict and forced migration on urban expansion in Goma: Introduction to a simple method of satellite-imagery analysis as a complement to field research

The effects of armed conflict on cities constitute a large field of research in both conflict studies and urban studies. The topic of urban expansion is also explored by the domain of remote sensing, a sub-branch of geoinformation science. Remote sensing researchers analyze the spatial development of cities in conflict and non-conflict environments using satellite imagery.However, a dialogue or collaboration between these disciplines is virtually non-existent in the scientific discourse, mainly due to stark differences in their methodologies – namely, intensive on-the-ground field research in the case of conflict and urban studies and highly elaborate computer-based analysis of remotely-gathered data in the case of remote sensing.We aim to demonstrate a simple and thus feasible approach for the use of satellite imagery by non-experts of remote sensing, to add a spatio-temporal dimension to the results of in-depth field studies. We apply our approach to the city of Goma, in the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is located at the center of protracted armed conflict that has raged for decades. With the support of local knowledge acquired during field visits, we visually analyze a time series of Landsat data and add our own results to those of existing research. Contextualizing the mapped results of Goma's urban expansion between 1986 and 2015, we show how urban growth is linked to particular waves of forced displacement caused by different stages of armed conflict and one particular natural disaster.