高斯-克吕格投影坐标转换成地理坐标的一种方法

在地质勘探现场工作中经常会遇到地理坐标和投影坐标转换的问题。本文通过对地理坐标和投影坐标原理的简要分析,根据高斯一克吕格投影平面下投影坐标转换成地理坐标的高斯反算公式,分析算法原理、设计算法流程,编制程序,并用MAPGIS软件进行比对分析,发现该程序能较好、有效地满足实际应用需求。     

Efficient,simultaneous detection of multi-class geospatial targets based on visual saliency modeling and discriminative learning of sparse coding

Automatic detection of geospatial targets in cluttered scenes is a profound challenge in the field of aerial and satellite image analysis. In this paper, we propose a novel practical framework enabling efficient and simultaneous detection of multi-class geospatial targets in remote sensing images (RSI) by the integration of visual saliency modeling and the discriminative learning of sparse coding. At first, a computational saliency prediction model is built via learning a direct mapping from a variety of visual features to a ground truth set of salient objects in geospatial images manually annotated by experts. The output of this model can predict a small set of target candidate areas. Afterwards, in contrast with typical models that are trained independently for each class of targets, we train a multi-class object detector that can simultaneously localize multiple targets from multiple classes by using discriminative sparse coding. The Fisher discrimination criterion is incorporated into the learning of a dictionary, which leads to a set of discriminative sparse coding coefficients having small within-class scatter and big between-class scatter. Multi-class classification can be therefore achieved by the reconstruction error and discriminative coding coefficients. Finally, the trained multi-class object detector is applied to those target candidate areas instead of the entire image in order to classify them into various categories of target, which can significantly reduce the cost of traditional exhaustive search. Comprehensive evaluations on a satellite RSI database and comparisons with a number of state-of-the-art approaches demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed work.     

断层对地下水渗流场特征影响的数值模拟

断层的存在影响着地下流场的运移和分布。 该文建立了一个理想地区的地下含水系统模型, 应用Modflow软件, 考虑断层倾向、 走向、 渗透系数等因素的影响, 采用数值模拟方法研究并探讨了断层对模拟区渗流场水头分布的影响特征。 研究结果表明: ① 倾向不同的断层, 以垂直断层对流场水头值的影响最为显著; ② 不同走向断层对流场的影响, 主要受断层走向与流线夹角的控制, 夹角越大, 对流场的影响越显著; ③ 断层的导水性质对模拟区流场水头值分布的影响较大, 断层表现为导水或阻水性质, 主要取决于断层渗透率与周围介质渗透率的关系; ④ 断层附近的流场梯度变化较大, 距离断层越近, 流场受断层的影响就越明显, 随着离断层距离的增大, 影响效应逐步减弱。 这项研究结果有助于深入认识断层对地下流体动态的影响, 以及对地震前兆特征的解释。     

利用VB6.0编程从A文件提取要素、计算生成Excel格式气象服务简表

通过Visual Basic6.0编程,实现从文本格式的地面气象月报数据A文件中提取所需要素,进行统计计算,以Excel格式较美观的气象服务简表输出准确计算结果,在气象资料服务和信息存档方面具有较好的应用价值,有利于提高气象服务质量和效率.讲述了如何利用VB制作Excel格式的气象服务简表,重点说明了思路方法和步骤及需要注意的问题,并给出部分源程序代码.     

小区地理信息系统的设计与实现

随着城市的发展,小区内公共设施,如地下给排水管线、电力线、道路、建筑等都面临着新建、扩建的问题,因此,准确反映和管理小区内公共设施的基础数据显得尤为重要.以某小区的基础设施综合信息系统的建设为背景,研究基础设施数据与地形图数据的统一数据建库以及专业分析等的应用.介绍以ArcGIS为平台的小区地理信息系统的建设,包括系统的软件配置、数据编辑、查询、输出、三维分析等功能的实现.对其他小区或城市信息系统的建设有一定的参考意义.