A visible band index for remote sensing leaf chlorophyll content at the canopy scale

Leaf chlorophyll content is an important variable for agricultural remote sensing because of its close relationship to leaf nitrogen content. The triangular greenness index (TGI) was developed based on the area of a triangle surrounding the spectral features of chlorophyll with points at (670 nm, R₆₇₀), (550 nm, R₅₅₀), and (480 nm, R₄₈₀), where R_λ is the spectral reflectance at wavelengths of 670, 550 and 480, respectively. The equation is TGI = −0.5[(670 − 480)(R₆₇₀ − R₅₅₀) − (670 − 550)(R₆₇₀ − R₄₈₀)]. In 1999, investigators funded by NASA's Earth Observations Commercialization and Applications Program collaborated on a nitrogen fertilization experiment with irrigated maize in Nebraska. Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data and Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data were acquired along with leaf chlorophyll meter and other data on three dates in July during late vegetative growth and early reproductive growth. TGI was consistently correlated with plot-averaged chlorophyll-meter values at the spectral resolutions of AVIRIS, Landsat TM, and digital cameras. Simulations using the Scattering by Arbitrarily Inclined Leaves (SAIL) canopy model indicate an interaction among TGI, leaf area index (LAI) and soil type at low crop LAI, whereas at high LAI and canopy closure, TGI was only affected by leaf chlorophyll content. Therefore, TGI may be the best spectral index to detect crop nitrogen requirements with low-cost digital cameras mounted on low-altitude airborne platforms.     

Design and implementation of spatial data watermarking service system

Nowadays, more and more digitalized spatial data are sold and transmitted on the Internet. Thus, there arises an important issue about copyright protection of the digital data. To solve this problem, this paper has designed and implemented a spatial data watermarking service (SDWS) system which can provide a secure framework for data transaction and transfer via the Internet and protect the rights of both copyright owners and consumers at the same time.     

一种基于信息压缩的图像小波域水印算法

为提高水印的不可见性,提出1种基于水印信息压缩的图像小波域水印算法.通过细化处理和骨架缩放技术将水印图像浓缩,减少要加入的水印数据量.压缩后的水印被嵌入到图像三级小波分解后的低频逼近系统上,并通过逆过程进行水印提取,嵌入的水印具有较高的不可见性和较好稳健性.仿真实验证明算法具有很好的不可见性,经滤波、噪声、图像压缩和剪切等攻击后仍然能较好的提取水印.     

Venus wind map at cloud top level with the MTR/THEMIS visible spectrometer, I: Instrumental performance and first results

Solar light gets scattered at cloud top level in Venus’ atmosphere, in the visible range, which corresponds to the altitude of 67 km. We present Doppler velocity measurements performed with the high resolution spectrometer MTR of the Solar telescope THEMIS (Teide Observatory, Canary Island) on the sodium D2 solar line . Observations lasted only 49 min because of cloudy weather. However, we could assess the instrumental velocity sensitivity, per pixel of 1 arcsec, and give a value of the amplitude of zonal wind at equator at .     

抗投影变换的矢量地理数据水印算法

在矢量地理数据水印算法研究中,以往研究较多考虑增删点、裁剪、平移、旋转等攻击方式,而对抗投影变换的攻击方式研究较少。由于投影变换在GIS中具有重要意义,故本文提出了一种抗投影变换的矢量地理数据水印算法。水印嵌入前,对待嵌矢量地理数据利用道格拉斯算法进行压缩,使用四叉树分块选取特征点,提取并保存特征点及其属性信息;水印嵌入采用坐标映射和量化机制以增强水印算法的鲁棒性;检测水印时,将待检测数据与原始特征点进行属性信息匹配,匹配成功的同名点采用二元三次多项式进行最小二乘法拟合,根据拟合的多项式系数对待检测数据进行投影变换,最终实现水印信息的提取。实验结果表明,本方法能抵抗投影变换攻击、增删点、几何变换以及它们的复合攻击,具有较好的可行性和实用性。     

The Dark UNiverse Explorer (DUNE): proposal to ESA’s cosmic vision

The Dark UNiverse Explorer (DUNE) is a wide-field space imager whose primary goal is the study of dark energy and dark matter with unprecedented precision. For this purpose, DUNE is optimised for the measurement of weak gravitational lensing but will also provide complementary measurements of baryonic accoustic oscillations, cluster counts and the Integrated Sachs Wolfe effect. Immediate auxiliary goals concern the evolution of galaxies, to be studied with unequalled statistical power, the detailed structure of the Milky Way and nearby galaxies, and the demographics of Earth-mass planets. DUNE is an Medium-class mission which makes use of readily available components, heritage from other missions, and synergy with ground based facilities to minimise cost and risks. The payload consists of a 1.2 m telescope with a combined visible/NIR field-of-view of 1 deg². DUNE will carry out an all-sky survey, ranging from 550 to 1600 nm, in one visible and three NIR bands which will form a unique legacy for astronomy. DUNE will yield major advances in a broad range of fields in astrophysics including fundamental cosmology, galaxy evolution, and extrasolar planet search. DUNE was recently selected by ESA as one of the mission concepts to be studied in its Cosmic Vision programme.

卫星可见光云图上日食阴影的动态订正

分析了日食对可见光云图及其时间序列的影响规律,提出利用相关分析、均值和方差分析以及线性拟合和局部增强等技术进行日食阴影区订正的动态方法。这种方法可以有效地消除阴影,尤其是日全食区域的“黑核”,较好地恢复了云图上云的纹理结构及亮度。     

基于小波变换的矢量地理空间数据数字水印算法

基于矢量地理空间数据自身特点,运用小波变换技术,提出了一种基于小波变换的矢量地理空间数据数字水印算法.即对一系列的线、面坐标串分别进行离散小波分解,把水印信息分段嵌入到相应的小波分解后得到的低频系数中;再进行小波逆变换得到含水印信息的矢量地理空间数据.在水印信息提取过程中,解决了删点、投影变换等对水印信息提取的不利影响.实验分析表明,该算法在抗矢量地理空间数据处理中常见的噪声攻击、坐标数据轻微的移动等方面具有较好的效果.