Local, global and virtual buzz: The importance of face-to-face contact in economic interaction and possibilities to go beyond

Novel information and communication technologies have created new possibilities for transferring information and knowledge over distance. Although this might open up broad options for economic interaction, knowledge regarding the effects of these changes on the geographies of production and innovation is still incomplete. Under these circumstances, permanent co-location and face-to-face (F2F) interaction may be efficient in some contexts but not in others. Support by computer-mediated communication (CMC), temporary, and virtual interaction is increasingly becoming the basis for establishing trans-local production networks. By combining results from social psychology with economic geography, it is argued that there is no generally superior spatial fix for economic interaction. Different spatial configurations can be advantageous in different production and innovation contexts, even over large distances without permanent or even regular F2F contact. This paper systematically investigates the effects of new communication technologies and different organisational forms for economic interaction by emphasizing the potential of combining CMC with forms of temporary and permanent F2F interaction.     

Virtual wave gauges based upon stereo imaging for measuring surface wave characteristics

A virtual wave gauge (VWG) technique based on stereo imaging is developed to remotely measure water wave height, period, and direction. VWG minimizes computational costs by directly tracking the elevation of the water surface at selected points of interest using a Eulerian based dynamic searching algorithm. Results show that the VWG technique developed in this paper dramatically improves efficiency by two orders of magnitude compared to the traditional Lagrangian–Eulerian based point cloud method of stereo image processing. VWG is tested against traditional wave wire gauges to within 98% accuracy for significant wave height. Furthermore, the flexibility of the VWG is demonstrated in two field applications. First in an offshore breaking wave case, an array of VWGs is used to efficiently measure wave directionality. Second to investigate the reflection coefficient of a rock-mounted structure interacting with nearshore waves, linear and spatial VWG arrays are designed and implemented based on a priori information of the wave field from a preliminary VWG measurement. Overall, we demonstrate that the flexible and computational efficient VWG technique has the potential to make real-time remote stereo imaging wave measurements a reality.     

三维地质建模软件发展现状及问题探讨

分析了三维地质建模软件可以明显地提高工作效率与工程质量,建立勘探区的三维地质模型,检查原始数据的正确性,通过各种“虚拟切割”手段检查各种地质要素间的相互关系。探讨了三维地质建模软件开发中所存在的几个问题,包括软件开发团队应适时转为公司机制,审慎选择开源工具,三维地质建模的三维模型数据标准,在勘探规范中增加三维地质建模要求,二、三维联动编辑,选准产品的用户群的与盈利模式等。     

Consolidation of inelastic clays under rectangular cyclic loading

This paper presents a semi-analytical solution for one dimensional consolidation problem of inelastic clays under cyclic loading considering the effect of the change of the consolidation coefficient of the soil layer. Due to change of the consolidation coefficient, and time-dependant loading, Terzaghi's theory would not be applicable in cyclic conditions. In this research, a method based on the time variable exchange along with the superimposing rule is employed to overcome these shortcomings. Changes in the consolidation coefficient are applied in the solution by modifying the loading and unloading durations introducing a Virtual Time. Based on the superimposing rule a set of continuous static loads in specified times are used instead of the cyclic load in the transformed time space. Each full cycle of loading is replaced by a pair of static loads with different signs. Based on the Terzaghi's theory the pore-water pressure distribution and the degree of consolidation are calculated for each static load and the results are superimposed. A set of laboratory consolidation tests under cyclic load and numerical analysis are performed in order to verify the presented method. The numerical solution and laboratory tests results showed the accuracy of the presented method.     

GIS发展的最新趋势及其应用前景

简要分析了目前ＧＩＳ研究领域的主要方向及其基本基本内容,其中包括组件（Ｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｓ）ＧＩＳ、Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ或Ｉｎｔｅｒａｎｅｔ ＧＩＳ、Ｄａｔａ Ｗｓｒｅｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ、ＳＤＩ、３Ｄ ＧＩＳ、ＧＩＳ与多媒体数据的集成及虚拟现实技术等。阐述了ＧＩＳ的开发应用领域及其现状,最后对ＧＩＳ的开发应用提出一些建议。     

VRML在三维地质曲面动态显示中的应用

简要介绍了虚拟现实和 VRML的基本概念。根据地质曲面的实际情况, 提出采用网格化数据文件与 Elevation Grid节点相结合方法建立虚拟空间, 动态显示三维地质曲面。将该方法应用到煤田地质曲面上, 取得了良好的视觉效果。      

Geomatics 与数字地球

本文论述了Geomatics的内涵及特点,强调了数字地球是真实地球的数字化再现,是信息高度富集的统一体,是当代科学技术高度发展的产物,也是人类资源共享的一种概念模式.两者包含了地球系统的相关内容,并以3S等技术为支撑.知识经济时代对地理学提出了诸多问题,人类必须从全球的角度研究一系列资源环境问题,以保证全球性可持续发展战略的实施.     

从地理信息系统到虚拟地理环境的认知转变

自20世纪60年代初以来,地理信息系统引领了地理信息的分析与服务。然而,由于地理学家对于地理过程开展多维模拟的需求,同时许多大型工程需要对于不同方案的后果事先开展模拟评估,为此中国学者们在世纪相交之际开始了对于虚拟地理环境的探索。本文从地理信息系统到虚拟地理环境的认识上的转变着手,分析了虚拟地理环境的演进过程、当前的阶段定位与挑战,着重探讨了虚拟地理环境研究的新态势：基于虚拟地理环境的地理空间认知研究、虚拟地理环境与实验地理学新方向、大数据背景下的虚拟地理认知实验方法和虚拟地理环境与地理知识工程,并给出最新研究思路。     

大连市气象局网络安全系统的设计与实现

根据安全网络的要求,利用先进的网络安全技术与设备,针对大连市气象局局域网在网络结构、网络安全方面存在的问题及隐患,提出网络系统改造方案及加强网络安全的措施:网络改造方案中采用子网划分技术重新规划网络结构,实现子网划分;针对可能存在的内、外部网络攻击,部署了多层次防线,对边界防毒和应用服务器防毒及客户端防毒均作了相应的部署。采用虚拟专用网络(virtual private network,VPN)技术、虚拟局域网(virtual local area network,VLAN)技术、网络版病毒防护软件、网关防毒产品、防火墙技术和物理隔离等多种专业网络安全产品,构建整体安全网络系统。实施后表明:网络安全得到保障,网络通信质量显著提高,达到了建设安全、畅通、高速局域网络的目的。     

特高压跨区域输电对空气质量的影响研究

依托“锡盟—济南”特高压输电工程,根据WRF-Chem V3.7大气化学模式系统对北京及周边地区污染物浓度变化进行模拟和评估,设置不同地点、不同高度、不同排放量等,定量化评估特高压跨区域输电工程对受端区域空气质量的影响。结果表明：不同气象条件下,东南小风的情况下,工程对北京大气环境影响范围最大;根据虚拟电厂的高度,对9 m、27 m、46 m、64 m、91 m、130 m、185 m和255 m高度分别评估,发现在电源点附近,对91 m空间层的大气PM_2.5浓度影响最大;远距离输送后,对0—45 m空间高度层的大气PM_2.5浓度影响最大;“锡盟—济南”特高压工程配套电源点对北京地区相关污染物浓度变化影响极小。