北京及邻近地区Moho面的深度分布及其构造意义

利用北京台网３８中站记录的北京及其地区１９９０￣１９９３年３０２个２．０级（唐山地构３．０有）以上地震,共３０１４条＾－Ｐ波到时、６６６条Ｐｎ波到时及１１３５＾－Ｓ波到时资料,采用Ｈｏｒｉｕｃｈｉ等（１９８２ａ;１９８２ｂ）提出的“地壳二维深度结构”方法,研究了这一地区Ｍｏｈｏ面的深度分布,同时联合测定震源位置及Ｐ,Ｓ波台校正值。另外,用华北台网（１９９３,１９９４年）的资料也进行了试算。结果表明     

虚拟仪器技术在气象仪器检修、检定和教学中的应用

本文分析了虚拟仪器的概念、组成和特点,介绍了几个自行研制的气象用虚拟仪器及其应用价值,并阐明了虚拟仪器技术在气象仪器的检修、检定及教学中所具有的重要实用价值及广泛的发展前景。     

临汾盆地ML≥4.0地震与临汾台短水准的变化

通过运用二阶平微求速度的方法,分析研究了临汾盆地近几年发生的3次≥4．0级地震前短水准的变化特征,发现临汾台短水准显示了较好的前兆响应,依据图形的变化规律,能够进行试验性的地震预报。     

What is groundwater and what does this mean to fauna? - An opinion

Many subsurface waters are considered groundwater but are influenced in shallow depths by hyporheic, parafluvial and/or soil interception water to such a degree that groundwater fauna (stygofauna) communities may be significantly altered. Recharge, even if spatially and temporally distinct, delivers input of dissolved oxygen, organic matter (OM), and nutrients that caters sustainably for ubiquists such as stygophiles and hyporheic fauna, but renders the life of uncompetitive stygobites difficult or impossible. The impact of recharge at shallow groundwater thus needs to be taken into account when determining groundwater fauna reference communities and when evaluating monitoring studies.One of the main characteristics of groundwater is low OM concentration. In contrast, high OM concentrations are typical of hyporheic or parafluvial waters, which are enriched by OM from the river, the riparian soils and from interflow, and which contribute significantly to river OM balance. Consequently, for ecological studies on subsurface waters, both the origin of the water and OM, and the intensity of surface water interactions should be considered. Here, we discuss how groundwater spatial and temporal heterogeneity translates into faunal distribution patterns. In terms of the origin of water and OM, and from an ecological point of view, we need to distinguish between (i) shallow groundwater characterized by infiltrating precipitation and soil recharge, (ii) shallow groundwater interacting with surface water bodies such as continuously flowing and ephemeral streams and rivers, and (iii) “old” groundwater which has no recent connections to the surface and is thus largely secluded from input of nutrients and carbon. Water in the first two groups is characterized by high amounts of OM of varying quality, while water in the third group is characterized by low amounts of low quality OM. Consequently, stygophiles dominate in groups 1 and 2, with hyporheic fauna taking up a considerable proportion in group 2, while stygobites only dominate in group 3. Thus, for studies aiming to assess impacts on groundwater, only sampling sites of the third group should be used for reference sites as these are the most likely sites to have little surface impact and a stygofauna representative of the deeper aquifer.     

Station corrections for the Kaapvaal seismic network: Statistical properties and relation to lithospheric structure

Station corrections for body wave travel times are required to compensate for lateral variations in the crust and uppermost mantle in the analysis of seismic travel times that are used to determine deep Earth structure by various methods, including tomography. Station corrections to be applied to P wave arrival times from teleseismic earthquakes recorded by the Kaapvaal seismic network were estimated by five different methods: (1) averaging, (2) computing the median, and (3) weighted averaging of residuals; (4) least-squares regression, and (5) weighted least-squares regression. The corrections display variations that are related to the tectonic features of southern Africa inferred from surface geology, clearly delineating the southern and central areas of both the Kaapvaal and Zimbabwe cratons as regions of early arrivals, and the area around the Bushveld complex by later arrivals. Use of a simple ray method for generating synthetic station corrections suggests that lateral variations in the top 230 km of the Earth can explain the observed pattern of variations in station corrections. A satisfactory way of compensating for the biasing effects of outliers in the individual estimates of station corrections is through adaptation of a method originally developed by Jeffreys, which involves ascribing weights to the observations that reduce the standard deviation on a single estimate of a station correction from 0.123 to 0.096 s. Methods (2), (3) and (5) avoid serious bias by outliers, although methods (3) and (5) are preferred, because they also provide information on the causes of outliers. The presence of some outliers cannot be explained by errors in the measurement process, but must be caused by timing errors at the stations during recording, and/or errors introduced during the process of constructing the archived data files from the field data.     

银川地震台数字化重力资料映震情况分析

介绍了银川地震臼重力观测情况。应用调和分析、潮汐变化、非潮汐变化及滤波等分析方法,对银川台GS15-NO215型重力仪2003～2007年的观测资料进行了处理,分析了银川台数字化重力资料的观测质量及年变周期的特点。总结了银川台重力数字化资料与周边地区地震活动的对应关系及其映震情况。     

宝昌地震台面波震级偏差分析

选取宝昌地震台2016年1月至2018年12月国内外Ms≥5.0地震震级资料,将其与中国地震台网中心(CENC)地震数据管理与服务网站公布的标准震级进行震级偏差统计分析,并从震级、震中距、震中方位、震源深度等方面讨论了宝昌地震台面波震级存在偏差的原因.     

浙江温州4.6级地震群前宁波地震台水温异常特征讨论

浙江温州ML 4.6震群是宁波地震台ZK03井水温观测5年多来碰到的300 km内,第1个4.5级以上的地震事件;虽然还没有达到本学科认为的预报效能范围内的地震,但震前该台水温测值临震异常比较明显,主要表现为一个"方波"形态的异常现象,最大异常量达正常日均上升速率的30倍.异常形态与过去8级地震前有明显的不同,说明异常作用源发生了变化;据此,作了一定程度的短期预报尝试.水温出现的异常可能是孕震中断层面缓慢产生"流变体"滑动形成的长周期波,通过上地幔或软流层传播而造成的.同时,这种长周期波还可能造成观测井周边地下微裂隙张开或闭合,使地下流体发生了微小的温度变化,被高精度的测温仪器记录下来.     

湖州地震台钻孔体应变仪和伸缩仪记录资料对比

先对安装在湖州地震台7号人防山洞内的伸缩仪记录的线应变求得面应变,以及对安装在同一个山洞内的钻孔体应变仪进行气压消除后,对两者的同步观测数据进行对比和分析。以地球应变固体潮为参照,确定两种应变观测数据基本一致。证明这两种基线长度和安装方式不同的仪器,观测到的地层面应变在固体潮频段具有可比性。