坐标转换精度的分布规律研究

为了得到工程测量中坐标转换精度与公共点分布之间的内在关系,利用误差传播理论,建立了坐标转换精度与公共点信息之间的数学模型.分析该数学模型可得:坐标转换精度是以一点为中心,呈同心圆向外衰减分布.文中给出了相应的圆心坐标及圆半径计算公式.最后,通过算例验证了本文结论的正确性.     

水准网中起算点的选用方法探讨

水准网平差中起算点质量好坏不仅影响平差精度,而且如果采用不好的点位,直接影响成果的使用,带来严重后果。该文以青州市水准网的布设为例,分析讨论了起算点对水准网精度的影响,提出了根据较差中误差大小选用起算点的方法,阐述了该方法的步骤,达到的效果,以及水准网布设方法等。     

控制点数量与DEM分辨率对海岸带遥感影像正射校正精度影响分析

在保证海岸带区域控制点均匀分布的基础上,对3景SPOT-5影像分别使用1：5万DEM和SRTM90m数据,开展6个、9个、12个控制点的影像正射校正。结果表明：在海岸带区域,基于传感器物理模型的1景SPOT-5影像正射校正,6个控制点即可保证较高的精度,控制点数量的增多对精度的提高并不显著;1：5万DEM比SRTM90m数据对影像的正射校正精度略高,但并不明显,在缺少1：5万DEM时,用SRTM90m数据代替亦能满足908课题的精度要求,进一步验证了SRTM90m数据在高分辨率遥感影像正射校正中的可用性。     

渤海近岸水体漫衰减系数Kd(490)遥感反演模型

Irrigated land is one of the most important parts in land cover classification system, but until now it has seldom been reported about extracting it from remote sensing data and monitoring its dynamic change. The existing researches are focused on the land use-cover change (LUCC) and the irrigated area mapping, so the study on extracting irrigated land is much more important. On the basis of close relationship between water deficit index (WDI) and soil water content, this paper firstly combines two neighbor NDVI and the surface-air temperature (Ts-Ta) and conforms one Vegetation Index Temperature (VIT). It makes the timely incomparable WDI comparable and then computes the change of WDI during the monitored period. Secondly it infers the change of soil water. Thirdly it removes the rainfall’s influence under some assumption and extracts the irrigated land of the survey area. Results show that comparing with census data all the deviation is below 7% in the survey area except Shanxi province, which means that the extracted results are comparable with census data. Extracted irrigated land mainly distributes around rivers, lakes, and reservoirs or on the irrigated regions and oasises. The results are consistent with the centralized region which has abundant irrigated land known before. The results are checked elementarily using TM images. All the precisions are above 70% except in Shanxi province. The precision in Xinjiang municipality is the highest.     

畸形波作用下JIP Spar平台波浪力分析

利用时域高阶边界元法研究畸形波、系泊系统与浮式结构物耦合作用问题,运用四阶Runge-Kutta方法更新下一时间步的波面和速度势,采用非线性有限元法模拟系泊缆索的各种受力及缆索的弹性变形。以Longuet Hinggins模型为基础,调整组成波的初相位,在很短的波列中得到满足畸形波定义的波形。分析了聚焦位置、初始相位、谱峰周期、谱宽以及水流参数等对系泊JIP Spar平台缆绳力和波浪荷载的影响。将入射波浪的聚焦点分别设置在平台的迎浪侧和背浪侧,分析缆绳力和波浪荷载聚焦峰值,模拟结果发现其最大值产生在聚焦点为迎浪侧的情况。当聚焦点在迎浪侧时,缆绳力和波浪荷载聚焦峰值随着初相位的增加而减小,随着谱宽的增加而减小,而随着谱峰周期的增加而增加。     

Sequence stratigraphy based on high-resolution seismic profiles in the late Pleistocene and Holocene deposits of the Venice area

The sequence-stratigraphic investigation by Very High-Resolution (VHR) seismic profiles allowed recognition of the detailed architecture of the late Pleistocene and Holocene succession of the Venice area. In this way deposits previously known by the analyses of scattered cores, mainly taken along the lagoon margin and the littoral strips, have been correlated at regional scale including the near offshore sector and the result has pointed out the lateral variability of the stratal architecture. Late Pleistocene deposits consist of an aggrading floodplain and fluvial channel fills accumulated during decreasing eustatic sea level, and they are coeval with offlapping forced regressive marine wedges in the Central Adriatic basin. The Holocene sequence is composed of three main seismic units separated by major stratal surfaces. Unit 1 (up to 9 m thick) is formed by channelized deposits separated by areas showing sub-horizontal and hummocky reflectors, and is bounded at the base by a surface that records prolonged conditions of subaerial exposure and at the top by a flatter surface resulting from erosion by marine processes. Deposits of Unit 1 are interpreted as estuarine and distributary channel fills, and back-barrier strata. Unit 2 is well distinguishable from Unit 1 only in the offshore area and at the barrier island bounding the Venice Lagoon, and is composed of a prograding marine wedge (up to 10 m thick) that interacts laterally with ebb tidal deltas. Unit 3 consists of a tidal channel complex and inlet deposits, which testify the evolution of the lagoon area. Tidal channels are entrenched in the lagoon mud flat (coeval with Units 1–2) and cut the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary in several places.Following current sequence-stratigraphic concepts, the Holocene sequence is composed of a paralic transgressive systems tract (TST) (Unit 1) overlying a sequence boundary (the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary) and overlain by a marine highstand systems tract (HST) (Unit 2) in seaward locations and by highstand lagoonal deposits landwards. TST and HST are separated by a downlap surface that is amalgamated with a wave ravinement surface in several places. Unit 3 is coeval with the upper part of Unit 2, and its development has been favoured by human interventions, which led to a transgression limited to the lagoon area.Local factors during the deposition, i.e. subsidence, sediment supply, physiography, and current/wave regimes, led to a significant lateral variability in the architecture of the Holocene sequence, as evidenced by the extreme thickness variation of the TST along both depositional strike and dip. The HST, instead, shows less pronounced strike variations in the stratal architecture. Also, present data clearly evidence that the human impact has a great relevance in influencing the late Holocene sedimentation.     

Hydroelastic analysis of pontoon-type circular VLFS with an attached submerged plate

This paper is concerned with the hydroelastic analysis of a pontoon-type, circular, very large floating structure (VLFS) with a horizontal submerged annular plate attached around its perimeter. The coupled fluid–structure interaction problem may be solved by using the modal expansion method in the frequency domain. It involves, firstly, the decomposition of the deflection of a circular Mindlin plate with free edges into vibration modes that are obtained analytically. Then the hydrodynamic diffraction and radiation forces are evaluated by using the eigenfunction expansion matching method which can also be done in an exact manner. The hydroelastic equation of motion is solved by the Rayleigh–Ritz method for the modal amplitudes, and then the modal responses are summed up to obtain the total response. The effectiveness of the attached submerged annular plate in reducing the motion of VLFS has been confirmed by the analysis.     

大连市海洋资源与功能区划

为了科学合理的开发利用海洋资源，控制和引导海域使用方向，保护海洋环境，促进海洋资源和区域经济持续发展，为海洋综合管理提供服务，在全面调查大连市海域自然环境、自然资源、开发现状及存在问题和综合分析区域经济发展需求的基础上，确定了大连市海域及其毗邻陆域海洋功能区，并对贯彻实施海洋功能区提出了相关措施和建议。     

渤、黄、东海高营养层次重要生物资源种类的营养级研究

利用2000年和2001年2次大面调查所收集的11970个胃含物样品分析结果,计算了黄海和东海生态系统高营养层次35个重要生物资源种类的营养级,同时,结合对渤海和黄海39个种类营养级历史数据的修正,讨论研究了我国海洋高营养层次生物资源种类营养级的研究策略和计算方法。主要研究结果为：(1)渤海重要生物资源种类营养级的变化范围为3．12～4．9,黄海为3．2～4．9,东海为3．29～4．55。近年来各海域高营养层次的营养级呈下降趋势,如渤海从1959年的4．1下降到1998～1999年的3．4,黄海从1985～1986年的3．7下降到2000～2001年的3．4;(2)高营养层次营养级波动主要是由于群落种类组成变化及单种类营养级年间波动引起的,而单种类营养级年间波动又直接与群体个体变小以及摄食食物的低营养层次化有关。因此,高营养层次的营养级变化是认识海洋生态系统生物生产动态的重要指标,需要对其进行长期和系统的监测;(3)建议在今后的研究中,根据简化食物网的概念,对占生物量绝对多数的重要生物资源种类的营养级进行重点研究并采用国际通用的标准划分计算营养级。     

VLBI记录系统的进展

本文介绍了VLB I记录系统在世界各主要台站的使用情况,对目前先进的VLBI记录系统的功能、记录格式等进行了比较和描述。