气候序列不连续点的小波分析和混合聚类分析

不论是单纯的小波分析还是单纯的非参数分析法都有其局限性.当样本量很大时,Fisher算法的计算量也是很大的,而且它不具有谱系结构,因此,为了保证谱系结构以及较快的计算速度,作者以小波变换和聚类分析相结合的方法来研究各类不连续点,给出了相应的算法和实验分析,并且实验结果给出了各类不连续点位置的比较精确的估计.     

Performance of the stereoscopic system of the HEGRA imaging air erenkov telescopes: Monte Carlo simulations and observations

Based on the Monte Carlo simulations we have studied the performance of the HEGRA system of imaging air erenkov telescopes (IACTs) in its present configuration of 4 IACTs as well as in its future final configuration of 5 IACTs. Here we present the results on the basic characteristics of the IACT system which are used in the standard data analysis procedure, i.e., the collection areas, the detection rates, the angular resolution, the energy resolution, and the γ/hadron-separation efficiency. By comparing several key Monte Carlo predictions with experimental results it is possible to check the accuracy of the simulations. The Monte Carlo results concerning hadron-nuclear showers are tested with the recorded cosmic ray events and the results concerning photon-induced showers are tested with a large data sample of γ-rays observed from BL Lac object Mkn 501 during its high flaring activity in 1997. Summarizing the simulations and current observations we give the basic recommendations of using the instrument and the major values of its sensitivity.     

Increasing the detail of European land use/cover data by combining heterogeneous data sets

ABSTRACT

Data on land use and land cover (LULC) are a vital input for policy-relevant research, such as modelling of the human population, socioeconomic activities, transportation, environment, and their interactions. In Europe, CORINE Land Cover has been the only data set covering the entire continent consistently, but with rather limited spatial detail. Other data sets have provided much better detail, but either have covered only a fraction of Europe (e.g. Urban Atlas) or have been thematically restricted (e.g. Copernicus High Resolution Layers). In this study, we processed and combined diverse LULC data to create a harmonised, ready-to-use map covering 41 countries. By doing so, we increased the spatial detail (from 25 to one hectare) and the thematic detail (by seven additional LULC classes) compared to the CORINE Land Cover. Importantly, we decomposed the class ‘Industrial and commercial units’ into ‘Production facilities’, ‘Commercial/service facilities’ and ‘Public facilities’ using machine learning to exploit a large database of points of interest. The overall accuracy of this thematic breakdown was 74%, despite the confusion between the production and commercial land uses, often attributable to noisy training data or mixed land uses. Lessons learnt from this exercise are discussed, and further research direction is proposed.     

基于MySQL的测量标志点可视化管理与导航寻点系统

设计开发了基于MySQL的测量标志点可视化管理及导航寻点系统,给出了系统总体构架和服务端与移动端的数据交互方式,阐述了系统中测量标志点可视化和信息化管理、移动端导航寻点和信息采集、导航轨迹测量与简化、多控制点的导航寻找等关键问题的解决方案。系统运行表明,服务端地图显示测量标志点和查询结果,界面直观、友好,实现了测量标志点可视化信息化管理;移动端的导航寻点功能可以提高外业作业效率。     

区域电子地图工程设计模式研究

在大量实践的基础上，总结并设计了一种任务驱动型工程建设模式，以便使新系统开发者更容易理解其设计思路，作出有利于系统复用的选择，最终为同类实践活动提供可操作的参考方案。     

基于地形梯度方向的山脊线和山谷线的提取

利用有关数学原理从理论上对地形高程断面极值法进行了分析和深入的研究，指出了该方法的不足。提出了一种基于地形梯度方向的山脊线和山谷线的提取方法，该方法从理论上进一步完善了地形高程断面极值法。实验表明，该方法在提取山脊线和山谷线候选点时，能够克服高程断面极值法的诸多弊端，所提取的山脊线和山谷线的候选点与实际地形相符合。     

一种用于机器视觉检测的图像配准快速算法

图像配准是机器视觉检测的关键步骤之一。针对产品包装印刷质量检测，文中提出了一种新的图像配准算法。其基本思想是：首先进行图像概略匹配得到特征点的概略位置，接着进行特征点的精确检测，根据检测到的对应特征点坐标计算转换参数，最后生成配准图像。实验表明，该算法计算速度快，具有较好的精度和稳定性，适用于在线机器视觉检测等对速度要求高，而图像只有小角度旋转的情况。     

Influence of object concentration on finite strain and effective viscosity contrast: insights from naturally deformed packstones

Deformed conglomerates and ooidal/oncoidal packstones are commonly used to evaluate finite strain in deformed sedimentary successions. In order to obtain a correct estimate of finite strain, it is necessary to consider not only the different behaviour of matrix and objects, but also object concentration. The analysis of two-component rocks characterised by high values of packing commonly results in a substantial underestimate of bulk strain and of viscosity contrast between objects and matrix. In this study, the effects of the volumetric fraction of competent inclusions on both object and bulk measured finite strain, as well as on apparent viscosity contrast, have been investigated in naturally deformed packstones characterised by variable object concentration on the scale of the hand specimen (and hence for homogenous viscosity contrast). Object finite strain has been obtained by Rf/ analysis, whereas the Fry method provides a measure of whole-rock strain that is also a function of inclusion concentration. Therefore, the finite strain measured by the Fry method is better termed effective bulk strain. In order to investigate the role of object concentration, this parameter has been plotted against object and effective bulk strain, and also against viscosity contrast. These diagrams show that: (i) for high values of packing, measured object and effective bulk strain show values that are significantly lower with respect to the calculated maximum value (that would result in the ideal case of no particle interaction and represents therefore the real bulk strain of the samples); (ii) the viscosity contrast shows lower values with respect to the calculated maximum one (that is equal for the three principal sections of the finite strain ellipsoid), and as packing reaches the maximum value, the viscosity contrast approaches a unit value. Empirical equations have also been found that link object concentration with both object and effective bulk finite strain.     

县域地质灾害调查是构筑地灾防治工作体系的基石 --以云南省为例

在分析5年来云南省开展县域地灾调查工作成果的基础上，认为该项工作在本省地灾防治工作中至少发挥了6个方面的作用：（1）显著减少了群死群伤灾害的发生；（2）深入宣传普及了防灾知识；（3）为合理开发利用国土资源提供了环境地质依据；（4）为地质灾害防治纳入国民经济及社会发展规划奠定了基础；（5）为科学管理地灾防治工作创造了条件；（6）有利于强化地灾防治工作的组织协调。同时也指出，目前县域地灾调查工作的进度尚与地灾防治工作的迫切需要不相适应，各级政府应切实重视、想方设法、积极推进县域地灾调查工作。作者就如何推进云南省县域地灾调查工作及进一步发挥县域地灾调查成果的作用，提出了若干建议。     

试论财会档案在企业经营管理中的作用

财会档案是企业生产经营活动中形成的原始记录,科学地系统分析、研究和利用这些珍贵的数据材料,是完善企业运行机制,在激烈的竞争中求生存发展的重要保证。它可清楚地反映企业立项投资决策的成效、领导人的廉洁程度,利用这些资料可明确企业生产经济活动中的职责;并为企业经营管理方案的改革和完善提供可靠的依据,同时成为企业经营管理教育的生动素材。因此财会档案是企业的重要资源。