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21.
Xue Song Wang Yu Jun Tang Li Fang Chen Fei Yan Li Wen Ya Wan Ye Bin Tan 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2010,38(3):263-267
Zero‐valent, iron‐encapsulated alginate beads were synthesized and were applied for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. The effects of several important parameters including solution pH, contact time, initial concentration and reaction temperature on Cr(VI) removal levels were investigated in batch studies. An initial solution pH of 1.0 was seen to be most favorable for Cr(VI) removal. The removal process was quick and almost 80% of the removal was attained within 60 min. The kinetic data followed the second‐order equation well. The Cr(VI) removal was almost reaction temperature‐independent and decreased with an increase in Cr(VI) initial concentration. The removal of Cr(VI) by iron‐encapsulated alginate beads was found to be significantly higher than that of non‐encapsulated alginate beads. 相似文献
22.
Uranyl Retention on Quartz—New Experimental Data and Blind Prediction Using an Existing Surface Complexation Model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The adsorption behaviour of uranyl onto seven different samples of quartz was studied in batch experiments. Sea-sand (0.1–0.3 mm),
Fil-Pro 12/20 (1–2 mm) and five Min-U-Sil samples with smaller particle sizes (5, 10, 15, 30 and 40 μm) were used. The uptake
curves show “pH adsorption edges” in the range of pH 4–5. A good agreement of the new data with literature data was found
when plotting surface-normalised distribution coefficients versus pH. Differences in the adsorption behaviour for pre-treated
and untreated sea-sand samples were detectable resulting in a shift of the pH edge to higher pH values after treatment. A
literature surface complexation model was applied for blind predictions of the experimental results. The simulations described
the experimental observations quite well for the Min-U-Sil samples. For the two coarser quartz samples, the calculated over-predictions
were explained by the larger-than-expected measured specific surface area and measurable amounts of associated minerals, for
Fil-Pro 12/20 and sea-sand, respectively. Dissolution of the samples was studied as a function of pH. After 5 days, the measured
Si concentrations were all higher than equilibrium quartz solubilities, but lower than those of amorphous silica. With increasing
pH, dissolved silica increased. This strongly suggests that formation of dissolved uranyl–silicato complexes have to be considered
based on measured silica concentrations. 相似文献
23.
在无机硒的测定过程中 ,Se(VI)还原为 Se(IV)的过程中存在严重的基质效应 ,本文采用加入浓的Na Cl溶液来消除基质效应 ,取得较好结果。方法的检出限为 0 .0 9nmol/ L,对 Se(VI)含量为 0 .89nmol/ L和 3.42 nmol/ L的样品分析精密度为 5.4%和 3.3% ,回收率在 95%~ 1 0 5%范围内变动。在不同介质中工作曲线斜率的变动范围 <5%。 相似文献
24.
Near the outskirts of the Albanian port of Durres on the Adriatic Coast, at a place called Porto Romano, an old chemical complex
has been producing chromate salts for a period of ∼20 years (1972–1993). As a result large quantities of chromite ore processing
residue (COPR) waste were released mainly as suspended particles and/or dissolved species in effluents, which settled in a
decantation pond area, 200 × 250 m in size, east of the industrial plant. Unfortunately, pollutants were spread out with time.
Knowing that chromium mobility and toxicity in natural settings is species dependent, the species characterization has been
carried out in different sampling media (pond sediments, lagoonal sediments and water samples). Five pond profiles were sampled
within the decantation area up to a depth of ∼1 m, till the underlying Quaternary lagoonal silty-clays were reached. Total
Cr content is highly variable with values between 1,130 and 24,409 mg/kg which is clearly higher than the defined local background
values for lagoonal silty-clays (198 mg/kg of Cr). Leaching of Cr(VI) especially occurs in the pond sediments, which are low
in OC, CEC and clay content, under acidic and neutral pH conditions (e.g. up to ∼2,230 mg/kg Cr(VI) leached from a sample
containing a total concentration of Cr 12,200 mg/kg). Moreover, leaching of the Cr(III) occurs only under strictly acidic
conditions (maximum 1,144 mg/kg leached from a sample containing a total Cr-concentration of 17,608 mg/kg). In this study
also a number of natural attenuation conditions (i.e. reaction with lagoonal clays rich in organic matter and iron as well
as isomorphous substitution) have been recognized. 相似文献
25.
Yamini Gopalapillai Ismail I. Fasfous John D. Murimboh Tahir Yapici Parthasarathi Chakraborty Chuni L. Chakrabarti 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2008,14(2):99-116
Free metal ion concentration is generally considered a useful indicator of a metal’s bioavailability and ecotoxicity to aquatic
biota. This article reports the speciation of nickel in mining and municipal effluents from Sudbury (Ontario, Canada), and
also in model solutions containing a fully characterized laurentian fulvic acid (LFA) at environmentally relevant concentrations.
A column ion exchange technique (IET) using a cation exchange resin (Dowex 50W-X8) was applied to determine free nickel ion
concentrations. In model solutions, reasonable correlation was found between the predictions of an equilibrium-based computer
speciation code, Windermere Humic Aqueous Model (WHAM) VI, and the results obtained by IET at low nickel-to-fulvic acid ratios.
However at higher mole ratios, the WHAM VI predicted higher free nickel ion concentrations than IET. Only three out of six
effluent samples showed reasonable agreement between the IET and the WHAM VI results, indicating the need for further development
of IET for application to effluent waters. 相似文献
26.
An integrated approach was performed on the soil,plant-crops and groundwater system at the Thiva basin,to evaluate the extent and intensity of the heavy metal contamination,the percentage of metals tra... 相似文献
27.
The response surface methodology involving the five‐level central composite design (CCD) was employed to model and optimize the Cr(VI) immobilization process in a Cr‐spiked soil using starch‐stabilized zerovalent iron nanoparticles (ZVIn). ZVIn were synthesized via a borohydride reduction method and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All Cr(VI) immobilization experiments were conducted in a batch system. The variables for the CCD optimization were the ZVIn dosage (% w/w), reaction time (min), and initial Cr(VI) concentration in soil (mg/kg). The predicted response values by the second‐order polynomial model were found to be in good agreement with experimental values (R2 = 0.968 and adj‐R2 = 0.940). The optimization result showed that the Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency presented the maximal result (90.63%) at the following optimal conditions: ZVIn dosage of 1.5% w/w, reaction time of 60 min, and an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 400 mg/kg. 相似文献
28.
零价纳米铁(NZVI)具有较高活性,近年受到人们关注并将其应用于地下水污染原位修复,但在实际应用中NZVI易发生氧化与团聚,容易失活。因此尝试运用环境友好型材料对NZVI进行表面改性,选择羧甲基纤维素(CMC)对纳米铁进行表面包覆获得CNZVI,研究不同CMC含量包覆NZVI的分散稳定性和CNZVI对水中六价铬的去除效果。结果表明:经过改性后的CNZVI分散稳定性要明显优于商用纳米铁RNIP,包覆CMC的比例越高,CNZVI的稳定性越好,在较高的CMC包覆比例下,纳米铁不易失活并具有良好的反应活性,对溶液中六价铬有很好的去除效果。 相似文献
29.
通过对焦作地区浅层地下水中铬(Ⅵ)污染物分布特征进行调查,分析了研究区浅层地下水中铬(Ⅵ)的污染机理,并运用Visual MODFLOW建立地下水流模型及溶质运移模型,模拟预测了浅层地下水中铬(Ⅵ)的迁移规律。结果表明:研究区浅层地下水铬(Ⅵ)污染严重,污染源是位于老君庙西南方向的焦作某电厂堆灰场,主要原因是露天堆放的粉煤灰中的铬(Ⅵ)污染物在长期淋滤作用下下渗污染含水层。气候条件、包气带岩性、地下水化学环境以及人为因素等也间接使浅层地下水铬(Ⅵ)浓度升高;模拟结果显示在未来的五年时间内,受地形和地下水动力场的影响,浅层地下水中铬(Ⅵ)的迁移方向与地下径流方向一致,沿大沙河水流方向上扩散速度更快,污染区域面积逐渐增大。 相似文献
30.
硫氰酸盐—维多利亚蓝4R光度法测定铀 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在乳化剂OP-阿拉伯树胶混合增溶剂存在下,U(Ⅵ)与SCN~-和维多利亚蓝4R产生高灵敏的显色反应。摩尔吸光系数达7.8×1O~5 L.mol~(-1)cm~(-1),适宜的酸度范围是0.08~0.12mol/L H_2SO_4溶液,离子缔合配合物的组成为[VB 4R]_2[UO_2(SCN)_4]。考察了共存离子对反应的影响及U(Ⅵ)的预富集方法。方法可用于水中痕量U(Ⅵ)的测定。 相似文献