Climate change transformation: A definition and typology to guide decision making in urban environments

Climate change presents a threat to the sustainability of cities and their societies, and must be adequately addressed. Urban environments (cities) are responsible for the creation of a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions which are the source of climate change. Cities have been increasingly the focus of action to address climate change, yet emissions are not significantly reducing. Additionally, there a lack of integration between adaptation and mitigation. This prevents responses adequate to limit global warming to 1.5^OC, and to be well adapted to anticipated changes. This paper critically analyses existing definitions and typologies of climate change actions. A definition of ‘climate change transformation’ is proposed which includes the integration of adaptation and mitigation goals to enable a new regime in which global warming is limited to 1.5^OC. A new three-part typology: ‘coping, malaction and transformation,’ is presented for categorising climate change actions by the extent to which they integrate adaptation and mitigation, and define a new regime. The typology is accompanied by illustrations to demonstrate the relationship between adaptation and mitigation. The definition, typology and illustration serve to guide effective climate change decision making, and provides principles to guide application in urban environments.     

城市生活垃圾填埋场污染风险评价

本文是在系统调查和收集各类资料的基础上,根据垃圾场地固有的防污性能和垃圾场与地下水水源保护区间的关系进行综合评价,垃圾场地内在风险采用灰色聚类法进行评价。垃圾场地下水污染风险评价可以为地下水污染防治和修复提供技术支持。     

宁波市轨道交通2号线浅层天然气对建设的影响

宁波轻轨1号线和2号线一期工程之局部盾构隧道区间和车站,发现以沼气为主的浅层天然气。本文依据2号线浅层天然气专项勘察成果,研究了其天然气埋藏分布特征,以及对轻轨建设的影响,提出了防治措施建议。     

地气模型中元素迁移规律

利用地气模型研究了上升气流作用下,铅锌矿及围岩中元素迁出规律.用电感耦合等离子体质谱分析技术检测了模拟矿(岩)层中元素迁出的量,简单估算了多种元素的迁出率.实验结果表明:在上升气流作用下,迁出的元素会在矿(岩)层上方的捕集器中不断积累;不同元素的迁出率相差很大,在0.006～4000 ng/d范围.矿体中成矿元素赋存量大,其迁出率也大,必然在矿体上方形成异常,这为利用地气异常找隐伏矿的提供了理论依据.     

基于DRASTIC模型的城市地下水脆弱性评价综述

地下水脆弱性评价是环境规划和决策的有用手段,国内外已有很多研究,也提出了各种计算防污性能的模型。文章针对城市地下水污染问题介绍了评价地下水防污性能的DRASTIC模型。对DRASTIC模型的指标体系和评价方法进行了介绍,列举了DRASTIC模型的局限性;综述了目前国内外基于DRASTIC模型的城市地下水脆弱性分析的改进的模型及其应用实例,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

Efficiency of heavy mass technology in traffic vibration reduction: Experimental and numerical investigation

Vibrations induced by traffic and construction activities cause serious environmental problems. The reduction of the impact of these vibrations on the nearby environment constitutes an important challenge, mainly in urban area. This paper presents both experimental investigation and 3D numerical modeling of the performance of heavy masses technology for scattering the ground vibrations. The efficiency of this method is compared to that of the trench barriers, largely studied in the literature. Analyses show that the heavy mass constitutes an efficient technology for the attenuation of the traffic induced vibrations. The performance of this method depends mainly on the mass weight. An amplitude reduction ratio up to 70% can be reached using this technology.     

江西龙南地区富硒土壤资源开发可行性研究

多目标区域地球化学调查结果显示,江西龙南地区表层土壤Se 平均含量为0.34 mg/kg,总体足硒,局部富硒,且土壤中重金属元素含量处于安全水平?异常查证结果表明,富含硒的基岩是富硒土壤分布的控制因素?在研究区发现天然富硒水稻?富硒大豆优质农产品,其中大豆的富硒率达100%?土壤中有效Se 与总Se 呈极显著的正相关,总Se 含量增大可增加有效Se 量;有效Se 与阳离子交换量(CEC)?N?P呈较显著的正相关,土壤中粘土矿物及有机质对Se 有较强的吸附?络合作用,且土壤中有效Se 主要以亚硒酸盐形式存在?水稻?大豆中Se 的生物富集系数均与土壤Se?N呈显著负相关,与土壤K2O呈显著正相关?     

济南市区泉域地下水时空分布规律及污染物运移特性研究

泉水作为济南市的城市名片,具有重要的经济和社会价值,把握泉域内突发污染质泄漏对其产生的影响至关重要。本文概化建立了济南市的水文地质概念模型,利用地下水非稳定流数值模型对济南市区泉群附近范围的地下水进行了分析研究,得到了济南市区泉域内地下水的时空分布规律及污染物运移特性。在此基础上,分析某新建项目污染质泄漏对地下水环境产生的影响,通过设置不同的横纵向弥散度对污染物运移特性进行探究。结果表明,在泉群附近区域内,污染物纵向运移过程中对流起主要作用,纵向弥散度的取值影响较小; 而污染物横向运移过程中弥散起主要作用,横向弥散度的取值影响较大。本研究成果对泉群附近的地下水环境保护及地下水污染防控具有重要借鉴意义。     

临邑县新型城镇化建设探讨

临邑县在充分尊重农民意愿的基础上,规范有序地开展城乡建设用地增减挂钩试点,积极开展“两区同建”,推动新型城镇化发展。通过建立部门协调推进工作机制、高起点科学编制规划、多方面做好宣传工作,促进了土地节约集约利用,推动了新型城镇化建设,促进了现代农业发展,有效推进了当地城乡一体化进程。     

Relationality/territoriality: Toward a conceptualization of cities in the world

The paper contributes to the conceptualization of cities in the world by first outlining the conceptual and empirical challenges of theorizing the urban/global nexus in both relational and territorial terms. It argues that the most useful and appropriate approach to understanding contemporary urban governance in global context is to develop a conceptualization that is equally sensitive to the role of relational and territorial geographies, of fixity and flow, of global contexts and place-specificities (and vice versa), of structural imperatives and embodied practices, in the production of cities. In order to illustrate the benefits of this conceptualization, the paper will apply it to the case of how downtown development is governed in many contemporary cities. The role of the Business Improvement District (BID) program and New Urbanist planning models in shaping downtowns will be examined in terms of: (1) how and by whom these models are developed in a global-relational context and are set in motion through scaled circuits of policy knowledge and (2) how the mobilization of these models are conditioned by their territorialization in specific spatial and political economic contexts. The paper emphasizes that the ‘local globalness’ of policy models like BIDs and New Urbanism and their consequences for cities can best be understood through a combined focus on relationality and territoriality.