哈尔滨城市经济区产业结构调整与布局研究

运用城市经济区理论与产业系统理论,分析了哈尔滨城市经济区产业发展中存在的主要问题,提出了哈尔滨城市经济区调整与优化的战略举措和产业结构的基本空间格局。     

城市地下管线信息系统的建立与应用

本文以广州市建立综合性地下管线信息系统为背景,针对中国城市地下管线勘测与管理的现状,提出了地下管线普查与信息系统建立的实施流程,强调了数据源保证、标准化质量监控、实时更新等关键技术问题.实现了“普查成图与监理入库相结合、全面普查与竣工测量相结合、规划审批与现状信息相结合”的建立具有空间决策支持系统或专家系统雏形的综合性管线信息系统模式,该模式适用于管线历史资料不完整、精度不高的发展中国家的广大城市.     

中国城市经济区划分的初步研究

本文建立了城市经济区划分的理论与方法——d△系和R_d链法,应用33个指标对全国434个城市进行了综合实力的R型因子分析评价,并进行了不同层次d系的划分和Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级d△系和R_d链组建,提出了我国两大经济发展地带、三条经济开发轴线、九大城市经济区和33个Ⅱ级城市经济区的城市经济区区划体系设想。     

上海城市太阳辐射与热岛强度

本文根据上海1984年有代表性的154天,进行影响上海城市热岛强度的回归分析。发现城市热岛强度与太阳直接辐射日总量为正相关,与风速和云量为负相关。太阳直接辐射日总量对城市热岛的影响与城乡下垫面的反射、吸收和增温、冷却的差异有关。我们又用气象卫星资料,结合实测的太阳辐射日总量和城、乡的气温、云量、风速等气象资料,对上海1984年不同季节城市热岛的若干典型个例进行分析,说明上海城市太阳直接辐射日总量对上海城市热岛形成及其强度变化起着重要作用。     

北京城市气温与下垫面结构关系的时相变化

城市气温与城市下垫面结构的关系,是城市气候研究的关键性课题之一.本文利用1982年在北京市区30个观测点上所测得的春、夏、秋、冬四季昼夜八个时相的气温记录和1983年5月航测的北京市区下垫面资料,用多元回归和逐步回归的方法,对北京城市气温与下垫面结构的关系作了分析.分析结果表明:城市气温和城市下垫面结构中绿地、建筑物、水域三要素的相关程度,随着季节和昼夜的变化而变化.绿地的降温作用以夏季白天为最明显,建筑群的增温作用以冬季夜间为最明显.因为所有测点周围 500m范围内都没有面积较大的水体,各时相气温与水域的相关程度都很小,这清楚地说明:城市内的小面积水体对其周围的气温并没有明显的调剂作用.     

Modeling the spatial variation of urban land surface temperature in relation to environmental and anthropogenic factors: a case study of Tehran,Iran

ABSTRACT

Spatial variation of Urban Land Surface Temperature (ULST) is a complex function of environmental, climatic, and anthropogenic factors. It thus requires specific techniques to quantify this phenomenon and its influencing factors. In this study, four models, Random Forest (RF), Generalized Additive Model (GAM), Boosted Regression Tree (BRT), and Support Vector Machine (SVM), are calibrated to simulate the ULST based on independent factors, i.e., land use/land cover (LULC), solar radiation, altitude, aspect, distance to major roads, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Additionally, the spatial influence and the main interactions among the influential factors of the ULST are explored. Landsat-8 is the main source for data extraction and Tehran metropolitan area in Iran is selected as the study area. Results show that NDVI, LULC, and altitude explained 86% of the ULST °C variation. Unexpectedly, lower LST is observed near the major roads, which was due to the presence of vegetation along the streets and highways in Tehran. The results also revealed that variation in the ULST was influenced by the interaction between altitude – NDVI, altitude – road, and LULC – altitude. This indicates that the individual examination of the underlying factors of the ULST variation might be unilluminating. Performance evaluation of the four models reveals a close performance in which their R² and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) fall between 60.6–62.1% and 2.56–2.60 °C, respectively. However, the difference between the models is not statistically significant. This study evaluated the predictive performance of several models for ULST simulation and enhanced our understanding of the spatial influence and interactions among the underlying driving forces of the ULST variations.     

城市土地综合经济评价的理论方法初探

城市土地经济评价对改革土地无偿使用的体制具有重要意义。本文根据我国国情，探讨了城市土地经济评价的理论依据，参评因素及因子体系；运用模糊数学方法，对山东济宁市的城市土地进行了综合评价，取得了较好的效果。     

关于中小城市“三图并出”的探讨

本文从我国城市测绘的现状出发,分析城市测绘工作中存在的问题,并就具体问题探求解决的办法,提出了新形势下解决城市测绘问题的途径——三图并出     

Environmental geology of ancient Greek cities

Man-environment relations in the ancient Greek world, as now, were complex interactions. To understand them, we need to study a range of physical features and man's impact on the setting. The underlying geological reality of this area is karst, which is widely distributed, dominating Greece, the southern half of Turkey, and southern Italy and Sicily, where the Greco-Roman cities that we study were located. Year-round water from karst springs was important because of scarce rainfall, intense evaporation, and infertile soil—none under human control. Examples from the Greek mainland (Corinth), an Aegean island (Rhodes), Turkey (Priene), and Sicily (Syracuse) are selected and described to suggest the way that karst water potential played an important role in site selection and development. A wider look at criteria for urban location and a new classification of urban patterns help to revise conventional understandings of these ancient cities. In conclusion, some modern findings about the interaction between city and setting suggest new research agendas for geologists and engineers, ancient historians and archaeologists, and water policy makers—preferrably working together.     

城市规划和土地利用规划的矛盾与协调─—以三亚市为例

本文通过对现今城市规划与土地利用规划矛盾的分析，提出了协调两者关系的思路，认为两者间的矛盾和问题是客观存在的，两者的协调不能强求数量指标上的一致，而应在地区发展战略的界定下，达到两者间城镇空间布局形态和环境容量规模的相互一致，并据此对三亚市城市规划与土地利用规划的协调进行了分析。