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91.
重庆市轻轨一号线工程布置于具有山城特色的地质环境中,埋置深度的选择是一重要问题。本文在分析工程地质特性的基础上,根据工程特点确定了选择埋置深度的原则,通过工程类比给出了最小安全覆跨比标准,并针对各车站和区间的实际情况提出了具体的埋置深度建议。 相似文献
92.
地下水中逸出氡和溶解氡微动态特征的对比研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文从大量的实际观测资料及多次震例资料出发,深入研究了逸出氡和溶解氡的微动态特征及其变化规律,研究结果表明,逸出氡对地壳岩石应力应变的反应程度比溶解氡更为灵敏。通过研究得出以下几点结论:(1)逸出氡和溶解氡和同动态变化均能反映地壳固体潮的变化特征;(2)逸出氡的潮汐变化更具有普遍性,并且其变化形态清晰完整;(3)逸出氡的前兆异常形态比溶解氡明显,异常幅度大,易于识别和辩认;(4)临震前逸出氡和溶解 相似文献
93.
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95.
设立“地下明灯研究计划”的建议 总被引:34,自引:2,他引:34
20世纪末,空间对地观测技术的发展,获得了地球表面清晰的图像,使人们可以实时地观测地球水圈和大气圈的结构、状态和运动过程,及其与生物圈的相互作用,这是地球系统科学革命性的进展。介绍的“地下明灯研究计划”,其目标是获得地球内部不同深度情况下不同尺度的图像,这些图像是新型的地球内部“三维地图”,它将完善和改变我们对大陆动力学、岩石圈结构和状态的认识。 相似文献
96.
Investigations were carried out at seven underground coal mines in India to characterise the responses of roof and pillars of underground workings to the vibrations induced by adjacent open-pit blasting. The roof rocks of the selected underground instrumented panels were having RMR between 36.7 to 57. Monitoring of strata behaviour was carried out before and after blasts. Arrangements were made to mount the transducers of seismographs in roof and pillars to monitor the vibration. Attempts were made to monitor the vibration simultaneously, for a blast, in the pillar and at the junction of the roof or away from the junction in the gallery. 102 sets of such vibration data were recorded in the underground mines. It was observed that the roof of underground roadways vibrated with higher peak particle velocity (PPV) compared to pillars. The amplification of vibration in the roof compared to pillars, away from the junction, was 1.02 to 2.58 times whereas at the junctions, it was 2.04 to 5.57 times. 相似文献
97.
Identifying environmental impacts of underground construction 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Dewatering of the groundwater resource and associated reduced flow of surface water features are potential negative impacts when constructing underground facilities. Little work has been done to develop methods for the early detection of environmental impacts on water resources where major underground construction is being undertaken. Recognizing this, prior to construction of two rock tunnels in the southwestern USA, a 3-year preconstruction program was implemented to monitor over 100 wells, springs, and streams in the project area that might be affected. This preconstruction monitoring phase has established data for a hydrologic reference which indicates a high degree of spatial and temporal variability. This variability must be accounted for when trying to identify construction-related impacts. The project area was subdivided into areas of similar characteristics based on geologic and hydrologic features. Measurements from features within each unit were then normalized and aggregated to derive a single representative flow parameter. This representative flow was then correlated to precipitation and major stream flow records to allow for a method of estimating unimpacted flow and groundwater levels during and after construction. Application of this method proved useful in determining and enabling a quick response to construction-related impacts. 相似文献
98.
Deterioration in the water quality results from coal mining, and the significant impact on the environment in South Africa
has been reported (Funke in SA Water, Sci Technol 15:115–144; 1983). Pyrite in with South African coal can be oxidised to
yield acidic and high salinity water. This study deals with the rate at which sulphate could be produced for collieries under
different conditions. Four collieries in the Witbank coalfield were selected for this investigation. The boreholes were investigated
with an in-situ multi-parameter probe, and then sampled at different times with a specific depth sampler to determine the
chemical composition of the water in the collieries. Water level measurements and volumetric calculations were done to determine
influx rates. Daily sulphate generation rate for underground mining was found to be in the range of 0.4–2.7 kg/ha, depending
on the availability of oxygen and the residence time of the water (the time available for neutralising agents present to react)
in the mining void. The exclusion of oxygen due to flooding and the presence of calcareous carbonates influences the observed
sulphate generation. 相似文献
99.
选取距卡帕尔-阿拉善4号井300 km范围内的3次5级地震,400 km内的3次6级地震,约600 km内1次7级地震、1次6级强震群作为震例资料,分析了这些地震前卡帕尔-阿拉善4号井前兆异常特征。结果表明:①对于5级地震,50.0%测项出现前兆异常,水化学、水动态异常各占50.0%。这些异常的58.3%表现为中期异常,41.7%表现为短期异常,无单独临震异常,也无叠加临震异常。异常变化幅度大而明显,且以趋势性上升或下降为主。硅酸和硫酸根在同一地震前异常时间与异常形态相似。②对于6级地震,33.3%测项出现前兆异常,其中水化学异常占38.9%,水动态异常占16.7%。出现的异常57.1%为中期异常,28.6%为短期异常,14.3%为临震异常。异常形态多为脉冲突跳,而仅有少数为趋势性高值异常。各异常项目之间有一定的同步性。③对于7级地震或6级强震群,37.5%测项出现前兆异常。出现的异常83.3%为中期异常,16.7%为短期异常。异常幅度大而明显,异常形态以单值突跳或趋势性为主。 相似文献
100.