支持多源遥感数据格式的抽象库DFAL

针对当前遥感数据缺乏统一文件格式标准,多源遥感产品的生产使用涉及多种文件格式的现状,在研究多种遥感数据格式及对应库GDAL、HDF4、HDF5的基础上,参考国家气象局的NOAA AVHRR 1B格式标准,利用工厂模式,设计和实现了一个具有统一操作接口的多源遥感数据格式抽象库DFAL,在更高的抽象层次解决了GDAL和HDF4、HDF5库不能一致使用的问题。使用DFAL库进行不同文件格式的读写,专家无需了解这些文件格式的差别,以便从繁杂的遥感数据格式中解放出来,将更多精力投入到遥感科学研究的层面上。在DFAL库的基础上实现了两类常用遥感数据格式Geo TIFF和HDF5之间的转换工具,方便工程应用。DFAL库及转换工具在国家高技术研究发展计划《星机地综合定量遥感系统与应用示范》的多尺度按需定量遥感产品生产系统中进行了应用测试,取得了很好的实际效果,证明了DFAL库稳定性和可用性,并大大减少了多源数据协同使用时多种文件格式读写的工作量。     

不同GPS时间序列跨度对噪声模型建立的影响

针对现有GPS时间序列研究中时间序列跨度方面研究较少,该文对不同GPS时间序列跨度对噪声模型建立的影响进行分析。选取ITRF2008框架下中国区域的10个IGS基准站的坐标时间序列,将每个序列按照时间跨度分为5a、10a、15a和20a4个时段,分别求取各时段的谱指数,采用不同的噪声模型组合对它们进行噪声分析,并对结果进行对比。结果表明:随着时间序列长度的增加,谱指数呈减小趋势,FN+RWN+WN在所有最优噪声模型中所占比例上升,FN+RWM+WN中RWN在所有噪声分量中所占比例呈上升趋势,噪声的长周期分量变得显著;同一测站在不同长度时段内所求最优噪声模型、速度场差别较大,在研究分析测站最优噪声模型、速度场时需要指出获取该时间序列的时段。     

Age-based classification of arecanut crops: a case study of Channagiri,Karnataka, India

Arecanut is one of the predominant plantation crop grown in India. Yield of this crop depends upon age of the crop and there is no information on the spectral behaviour of arecanut crops across its ages. In this study popular supervised classification algorithms were utilized for age discrimination of arecanut crops using Hyperion imagery. Arecanut plantations selected for the study are located in Channagiri Taluk, Davanagere district of Karnataka state, India. Ground truth information collected involves: (i) GPS coordinates of selected plots, (ii) spectral reflectance of arecanut crops with age ranging from 1 to 50 years, using handheld spectroradiometer with 1 nm spectral resolution. These spectral measurements were made close in time to the acquisition of Hyperion imagery to build age-based spectral library. It is observed from the analysis that crops of ages below 3, 3–7, 8–15 and above 15 years were showing distinct spectral behaviour. Accordingly, crops age ranging from 1 to 50 were grouped into four classes. Classification of arecanut crops based on age groups was performed using methods like spectral angle mapper, support vector machine and minimum distance classifier, and were compared to find the most suitable method. Among the classification methods adopted, support vector machine with linear kernel function resulted in most accurate classification method with overall accuracy of 72% for within class seperability. Individual age group classification producer’s accuracy varied minimum of 12.5% for 3–7 years age group and maximum of 86.25% for above 15 years age group. It may be concluded that, not only age- based arecanut crop classification is possible, but also it is possible to develop age-based spectral library for plantation crop like arecanut.     

天山地块强震活动的时空特征研究

通过对天山地块近百年地震活动时空特征分析表明: ① M_S≥7.0地震沿块体边界成带分布, 南边界带强于北边界带, 南、 北边界带的西部强于东部, 南天山西段是地震活动水平最高、 复发周期最短、 强震序列类型最复杂、 地震危险性最大的地区; ② 地震活动在时间上显示出准周期性, 表现为M_S≥7.0地震具有活跃与平静的交替性及5级以上地震活动度曲线的起伏变化; 最大熵谱计算地震活动度的显著周期为40年, 小波分析给出40年左右周期系数的时间曲线表明, 7级以上地震都发生在曲线由最高值至最低值的下降段, 而上升段为强震的平静期; ③ 在强震活跃期及平静期, 中强以上地震(M_S≥5.0)在块体的不同部位(地块南、 北边界带及块体内部)的分布状态和活动水平存在明显的差异, 在活跃期南、 北边界带中强以上地震的集中性和成带性强, 且彼此活动水平差异小, 但与块体内部差异大; 而在平静期南、 北边界带的活动水平差异大, 块体内部地震活动显著增强; ④ 在活跃期, 天山地块南、 北边界带强震活动存在一定的呼应关系, 当一个边发生强震后, 另一边在数天至数年也存在发生强震的可能。     

NOAA16卫星积雪识别和参数提取

通过对积雪、地物和云进行光谱分析,指出传统的NOAA-AVHRR可见光和近红外波段进行云雪识别存在困难,而雪在红外波段的低反射性特点是区分云雪的一个可行途径.利用NOAA16气象卫星新增的1.6μm红外波段,对中国北方冬季的卫星积雪图象进行识别,结果显示,云雪可以准确区分.同时,提出了利用AVHRR资料估算积雪面积、积雪深度和积雪时间的方法,并对积雪深度进行了精度检验.     

图的谱方法的空间目标形状表达研究

提出了一种新的关联矩阵——角度矩阵来表达关联图,分别采用邻接矩阵、拉普拉斯矩阵、距离矩阵和角度矩阵来数字化表达关联图。初步实验结果表明,图的谱方法是一种有效表达空间目标形状信息的方法,其中选择角度矩阵作为关联矩阵的效果最好。     

Lichens and mosses moisture content assessment through high‐spectral resolution remote sensing technology: a case study of the Hudson Bay Lowlands,Canada

Assessing moisture contents of lichens and mosses using ground‐based high‐spectral resolution spectrometers offers immense opportunities for a comprehensive monitoring of peatland moisture status by satellite/airborne imagery. This study investigates the impact of various moisture conditions of common subarctic lichen and moss species upon the spectral signatures obtained. The lichens are Cladina stellaris and Cladina rangiferina, and the mosses are Dicranum elongatum and Tomenthypnum nitens. Reflectance and moisture content measurements of these species were made in a laboratory setting, while maintaining the natural moisture conditions of the samples; once the moisture and spectral measurements were complete, the samples were returned to the field and placed in their natural setting, continuously receiving moisture from precipitation and groundwater and losing water through evaporation and drainage. Changes in reflectance of the visible to shortwave infrared (SWIR) range (400–2500 nm) at various moisture contents were examined, as well as the potential of current spectral reflectance indices to evaluate the plants' moisture contents was examined. Results indicate that the SWIR region is useful in identifying variations in plants moisture conditions, while the unique spectral signatures of the lichens and mosses in the visible and near‐infrared range suggest that these species may be detected by satellite and airborne imagery. Of current spectral indices, the normalized difference infrared index (NDII) was most successful in identifying the above plants' moisture content (details are discussed in the paper). Future study should focus on the development of improved moisture content spectral indices, as well as upscaling reflectance data and spectral indices. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

应用反演谱分解去除调谐效应的分频AVO技术

传统的AVO分析是假设平面波入射到分开两个半空间的单界面,并没有考虑油藏厚度的影响。当地层为薄层时,调谐效应会使AVO的变化规律发生改变,影响储层的识别。谱分解能够将时间记录转换到不同频率,从而得到更多的储层信息。因此,可以利用谱分解进行分频AVO分析。在多种谱分解方法中,反演谱分解方法具有较高的时频分辨率,并且其直接得到的是反射系数谱,可去除子波的影响。依据这一特性,这里将反演谱分解方法用于去除调谐效应。根据实际薄层的物理参数和地质条件,设计不同厚度的薄层模型,正演得到合成地震道集;然后利用反演谱分解进行分频AVO分析。结果表明,该方法能够消除薄层调谐效应,同时还能避免陷频现象。     

地层记录中旋回层序界面的识别方法及原理

应用频谱分析技术对测井物理参数记录的沉积旋回在深度域的变化进行了研究,发现沉积速率变化对沉积旋回波长、旋回谱系的组合样式和连续性具有明显的影响。数字模拟实验研究结果表明,在深度域对测井数据进行递进扫描的频谱分析图中,旋回波长和旋回谱系的终止面和转换面,指示沉积速率突变界面,对应地层间断面或沉积体制转型的位置和深度,这是我们识别旋回层序界面的标志,这一结论在深海钻孔中得到了验证。文中详细地介绍了从测井曲线数据中提取沉积旋回信号的数据处理方法和流程,提出根据原始测井曲线建立的极值曲线,可以检测到最明显的旋回波长为10 m级的频谱信号,这一层级的旋回层序界面,可以作为区域等时对比的基准。文中以川西上三叠统须家河组为例,根据自然伽马测井曲线的频谱分析,讨论了旋回层序界面在解决地震层序界面标定中的实用价值。