Boreal temperature variability inferred from maximum latewood density and tree-ring width data, Wrangell Mountain region, Alaska

Variations in both width and density of annual rings from a network of tree chronologies were used to develop high-resolution proxies to extend the climate record in the Wrangell Mountain region of Alaska. We developed a warm-season (July–September) temperature reconstruction that spans A.D. 1593–1992 based on the first eigenvector from principal component analysis of six maximum latewood density (MXD) chronologies. The climate/tree-growth model accounts for 51% of the temperature variance from 1958 to 1992 and shows cold in the late 1600s–early 1700s followed by a warmer period, cooling in the late 1700s–early 1800s, and warming in the 20th century. The 20th century is the warmest of the past four centuries. Several severely cold warm-seasons coincide with major volcanic eruptions. The first eigenvector from a ring-width (RW) network, based on nine chronologies from the Wrangell Mountain region (A.D. 1550–1970), is correlated positively with both reconstructed and recorded Northern Hemisphere temperatures. RW shows a temporal history similar to that of MXD by increased growth (warmer) and decreased growth (cooler) intervals and trends. After around 1970 the RW series show a decrease in growth, while station data show continued warming, which may be related to increasing moisture stress or other factors. Both the temperature history based on MXD and the growth trends from the RW series are consistent with well-dated glacier fluctuations in the Wrangell Mountains and some of the temperature variations also correspond to variations in solar activity.     

复杂环境下地基SAR粗差探测及应用

雷达视线受施工机械等的间断遮挡导致部分影像产生相位奇异值,从而造成解缠错误及误差传递,简单的相关影像处理难以识别受遮挡影像。本文提出了改进的基于小波变换的信号奇异性检测方法,通过对地基SAR PS点时序相位特征进行分析,将遮挡影像识别转化为粗差探测问题;由PS点相位序列与影像位置关系,根据测区PS点相位序列的奇异点集合得到受遮挡影像集;最后将受遮挡影像剔除后得到的地基SAR监测结果与精密全站仪、水准与游标卡尺数据进行对比分析。结果表明：本文提出的方法用于受遮挡影像的识别是可行的,解决了地基SAR在实际工程应用中可能存在的影像遮挡带来的测量数据含有粗差的问题,提高了监测区域伪影像检测的效率与准确性。     

GPS非差相位精密单点定位技术探讨

针对北斗导航卫星系统（BDS）不同类型卫星观测数据的特点,对TurboEdit方法进行改进。在利用M-W组合观测值检测时,使用固定窗口的滑动求解方法代替其原有的递推求解方法。将原有的电离层残差组合检测方法改进为双频电离层残差的相邻历元求差法,并且可以根据不同类型的卫星选择不同的检测参数。改进后的算法对GEO/IGSO/MEO卫星均可达到良好的检测效果。算法验证表明,该算法可以有效检测并修复1周的小周跳,也可以检测修复双频点等周大小的小周跳,修复精度可达到0.1周以内。     

基于多光谱综合的MODIS数据云检测研究

云检测是卫星遥感数据处理中不可缺少的工作。通过分析云在不同波段中的大气辐射特点，结合MODIS数据的光谱特性，提出 一种多光谱综合的云检测方法。该算法从可见光反射率、红外波段亮温值以及亮温差等方面综合考虑，逐步建立一个云检测掩模。通 过对不同时期不同背景的MODIS数据进行验证和对比分析，结果表明，该模型的云检测效果理想，尤其对可见光波段难以识别的薄卷 云也有很好效果，为有效利用MODIS数据以及进行更加精确的反演提供可靠依据。     

一种结合四元数与直方图的多光谱图像自适应边缘检测方法

针对图像自适应边缘检测的难点和传统多光谱遥感图像边缘检测方法的局限性,提出了一种结合四元数与直方图的自适应边缘检测方法。该方法在四元数空间,利用矢量旋转完成了多光谱图像的边缘检测,并通过直方图统计的方法获取自适应阈值,实现了边缘图像的检测。利用陆地多光谱遥感图像和水域多光谱遥感图像分别进行实验,验证了方法的有效性。     

可见光遥感图像海面目标检测技术综述

利用大规模、高分辨率可见光遥感图像探测舰船目标一直是遥感领域的研究热点,其在军事和民用领域发挥着重要作用。舰船目标背景的复杂多变性,舰船目标的多尺度、多种类、多姿态类内差异性,以及检测模型的局限性等问题,都给大范围的高分辨率可见光遥感图像舰船目标探测带来了极大的挑战。首先对利用遥感技术进行舰船检测的方法体系进行总结归纳,然后在此基础上聚焦当前研究热点,对2010—2020年高分可见光遥感图像舰船目标的检测技术体系与发展历程进行概述,并对主流的检测方法进行详细论述,以期推动高分辨率可见光遥感影像舰船检测更加深入的研究和更加广泛的应用。     

基于时相变化的晴空条件下Himawari-8 AHI火点检测

Himawari-8静止气象卫星具有高空间分辨率、高观测频次和高时效特点,对于火点检测具有很强优势。对Himawari-8卫星的3.9μm和11.2μm两通道亮温进行了连续时相变化研究,得出两通道的亮温在时间上的变化差值稳定且规律明显。根据两通道的亮温时相特征,考虑白天可见光对3.9μm通道的影响,并结合火点产生时引起的亮温变化特征,提出了适用于晴空条件下改进的火点检测算法。在多处进行了此算法的实验,例如2018-11-27 T 16:40(UTC时)河北张家口市桥东区一化工厂附近发生的严重爆炸起火事件以及2019-02-28澳大利亚西南部发生的火灾事件,均快速有效的检测到了火点。实验表明,改进的火点检测算法能很好的进行火点检测,并能解决晨昏交界、冰雪下垫面、常规火源点、太阳耀光等火点检测的难题。     

A new approach for vegetation change detection in urban areas

IntroductionVegetation distribution and change is regardedas ani mportant sign of urban environment . Withcity expanding and population increasing, herecomes a series of problems on environment ,andmoreover ,greening ratio is regarded as a stand-ard of ci…     

Trend detection in river flow series: 1. Annual maximum flow / Détection de tendance dans des séries de débit fluvial: 1. Débit maximum annuel

Abstract

Results of a study on change detection in hydrological time series of annual maximum river flow are presented. Out of more than a thousand long time series made available by the Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC) in Koblenz, Germany, a worldwide data set consisting of 195 long series of daily mean flow records was selected, based on such criteria as length of series, currency, lack of gaps and missing values, adequate geographical distribution, and priority to smaller catchments. The analysis of annual maximum flows does not support the hypothesis of ubiquitous growth of high flows. Although 27 cases of strong, statistically significant increase were identified by the Mann-Kendall test, there are 31 decreases as well, and most (137) time series do not show any significant changes (at the 10% level). Caution is advised in interpreting these results as flooding is a complex phenomenon, caused by a number of factors that can be associated with local, regional, and hemispheric climatic processes. Moreover, river flow has strong natural variability and exhibits long-term persistence which can confound the results of trend and significance tests.     

基于阈值区间的海洋锋面提取模型

A model （Bayesian oceanic front detection, BOFD） of sea surface temperature （SST） front detection in satel- lite-derived SST images based on a threshold interval is presented, to be used in different applications such as climatic and environmental studies or fisheries. The model first computes the SST gradient by using a Sobel algorithm template. On the basis of the gradient value, the threshold interval is determined by a gradi- ent cumulative histogram. According to this threshold interval, front candidates can be acquired and prior probability and likelihood can be calculated. Whether or not the candidates are front points can be deter- mined by using the Bayesian decision theory. The model is evaluated on the Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer images of part of the Kuroshio front region. Results are compared with those obtained by using several SST front detection methods proposed in the literature. This comparison shows that the BOFD not only suppresses noise and small-scale fronts, but also retains continuous fronts.