省级新一代气象通信系统传输流程的设计与实现

新一代国内气象通信系统是继“9210工程”之后,国内气象通信系统的升级,建立了国家级和省级数据传输、通信数据处理和系统监视的统一管理平台。按照全国气象宽带网建设计划,新一代国内气象通信系统将取代现行气象通信系统。目前正与现行业务并行,这既是新一代国内气象通信系统测试系统及软件功能的需要,也是省级信息传输部门进行本地化配置、流程整理的需要。辽宁在分类流程梳理的基础上,建立了与现行通信系统并行的新一代气象通信系统传输业务流程,并投入业务试运行。雷达产品和基数据通过PUP软件、自动站资料、风能资料等由中心站软件实现向新一代通信系统传输,其他资料由9210通信服务器和雷达传输服务器转发到新一代通信系统。结果表明：在不影响现行业务的前提下,实现了省内所有气象信息通过新一代通信系统向国家气象信息中心传输,满足了新一代通信系统的测试和本地化应用的需要。流程设计合理,可满足气象信息传输质量考核要求。最后,介绍了现行通信系统传输流程、新一代通信系统传输流程设计目标、设计原则、设计方案及运行效果。     

云凝结核数浓度对华东地区一次飑线过程发展的影响

利用WRF模式对2016年5月2日华东地区的一次飑线过程进行数值模拟,通过开展5组不同初始云凝结核数浓度的数值试验,讨论了污染对飑线发展的影响,并用Q矢量散度进行分析,结果表明:轻度污染下飑线线状结构最完整,强对流组织形式最紧密,而污染过重或过轻均导致飑线强对流组织分散甚至断裂;轻、中度污染对飑线降水有增强作用,而污染程度过重或过轻均对降水有限制作用;从清洁大气加深到轻度污染,强回波区宽度增大,强回波的高度升高,回波强度增强,随着污染继续加深,强回波区宽度减小,强回波的高度降低,回波强度减弱;轻度污染时,垂直速度、涡度和散度的强度较强;飑前低压在轻度污染时强度最强,雷暴高压、尾流低压和冷池则是随着污染加深而逐步减弱,但重度污染时,雷暴高压、尾流低压和冷池又增强;随着污染加深,对流云区不稳定性先增强后减弱,轻度污染下不稳定性最强;除了雪粒子外,其他水凝物粒子混合比含量均在轻度污染下达到最大值,而雪粒子混合比含量的最大值是在重度污染下出现的;推导了非地转非静力平衡的Q矢量散度方程,理论分析和计算结果均表明Q矢量辐合区对应上升运动,辐散区对应下沉运动。在较清洁和轻度污染的情况下,Q矢量散度高值区最强。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation for avoiding antenna oscillations without distributed resistance

The so-called Wu and King antenna pattern is widely used in GPR because of its simple design and construction features. The main disadvantage is its limited efficiency due to transmitter energy losses which occur through lumped resistors. Based on the analysis of the electromagnetic field behaviour across the antenna, it is possible to replace the effect of the resistors by either storing the energy of the electric pulses, or damp them by means of one matched resistor, which will theoretically improve the efficiency of the antenna. In this paper we provide a theoretical analysis using a modified transmission line model together with simulation based on delayed potentials among other electromagnetic software, and measurement results using an impulse transmitter with fast MOSFET switches and a matched resistor that support this idea.     

双探针型海底热流计的结构优化

本文在现有海底热流探针制作技术条件下,首先建立了脉冲式双探针海底测量单元的有限元数值模型,模拟获得多组参数下的温度-时间数据,作为“实测”数据,再用脉冲加热有限长线热源(PFLS)模型求解待测介质热导率及其相对误差上限(RE_λ-UL),并以RE_λ-UL最小为原则,对双探针热流计的结构进行优化.结果表明:(1)在不同探针脉冲强度(q)、温度测量误差(ΔT_m)和探针长度(L)组合下,都存在最佳探针间距(Best_r),使得RE_λ-UL降到最低;(2)随着q增大或ΔT_m减小,Best_r逐渐增大;(3)当q、ΔT_m及探针半径(a)都给定时,Best_r与探针长度(L)呈线性正相关;(4)当a=1.0 mm,且q、ΔT_m分别取为628.0~1100.0 J·m^-1、0.5~1.0 mK,若L在20.0~42.0 mm之间时,则Best_r在18.0~30.0 mm之间,此时介质热导率相对误差上限可控制在5.5%以内,同时测量温度可在6 min内达到最大值,即脉冲加热开始后,温度测量只需约7 min,便可满足介质热导率的求解,这比目前常用的Lister型热流计所需海底测量时间缩短8 min左右.     

Fluid flow dynamics under location uncertainty

We present a derivation of a stochastic model of Navier Stokes equations that relies on a decomposition of the velocity fields into a differentiable drift component and a time uncorrelated uncertainty random term. This type of decomposition is reminiscent in spirit to the classical Reynolds decomposition. However, the random velocity fluctuations considered here are not differentiable with respect to time, and they must be handled through stochastic calculus. The dynamics associated with the differentiable drift component is derived from a stochastic version of the Reynolds transport theorem. It includes in its general form an uncertainty dependent subgrid bulk formula that cannot be immediately related to the usual Boussinesq eddy viscosity assumption constructed from thermal molecular agitation analogy. This formulation, emerging from uncertainties on the fluid parcels location, explains with another viewpoint some subgrid eddy diffusion models currently used in computational fluid dynamics or in geophysical sciences and paves the way for new large-scales flow modeling. We finally describe an applications of our formalism to the derivation of stochastic versions of the Shallow water equations or to the definition of reduced order dynamical systems.     

轨道交通对沿线住宅价格影响的分市场研究——以深圳市龙岗线为例

研究轨道交通对沿线住宅价格的影响有助于将轨道交通带来的外部效益转化为内部收益,对城市地铁的建设和运营具有重要意义。在真实城市空间中,由于空间异质性的存在,轨道交通对不同区域的影响并非都是相同的,因而需要划定分市场进行研究。本研究以深圳龙岗线郊区段为对象,首先运用Moran'I 指数证实了空间自相关效应的存在,并构造变量将空间自相关效应纳入模型进行控制,结合其他变量构建了4 个Hedonic 模型,然后通过Chow Statistics 检验划定远郊段和近郊段2 个分市场,最后运用最优的Hedonic 模型对轨道交通影响住宅价格的分市场进行研究并解释其形成原因。研究结果表明：① 轨道交通在近郊段对沿线住宅价格具有正向影响;② 轨道交通对沿线住宅价格影响存在分市场效应,不同分市场中轨道交通对沿线住宅价格的影响程度差异较大,龙岗线近郊段对沿线住宅价格具有正向影响,远郊段对沿线住宅价格具有负向影响;③ 可以通过Chow Statistics检验来划定分市场,龙岗线近郊段和远郊段的分界点为“六约—丹竹头”,近郊段分市场的空间范围可能与城市的平均通勤时间有关;④分市场的形成原因是空间异质性,龙岗线郊区段的分市场是由两个区域中心的空间分布差异所导致。     

The Effects of Different HITRAN Versions on Calculated Long-Wave Radiation and Uncertainty Evaluation

Four editions of the High Resolution Transmission (HITRAN) databases (HITRAN96, HITRAN2K, HITRAN04, and HITRAN08) are compared by using a line-by-line (LBL) radiative model in the long-wave calculation for six typical atmospheres. The results show that differences in downward radiative fluxes between HITRAN96 and HITRAN08 at the surface can reach a maximum of 1.70 W m 2 for tropical atmospheres. The largest difference in heating rate between HITRAN96 and HITRAN08 can reach 0.1 K day 1 for midlatitude summer atmosphere. Uncertainties caused by line intensity and air-broadened halfwidths are also evaluated in this work using the uncertainty codes given in HITRAN08. The uncertainty is found to be 1.92 W m 2 for upward fluxes at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and 1.97 W m 2 for downward fluxes at the surface. The largest heating rate caused by the uncertainty of line intensity and air-broadened half-width can reach 0.5 K day 1 . The differences in optical depths between 1300 and 1700 cm 1 caused by different HITRAN versions are larger than those caused by the uncertainties in intensity and air-broadened half-width. This paper suggests that there is inaccurate representation of line parameters over some spectral ranges in HITRAN and more attention should be paid to these ranges in fields such as remote sensing.     

DLG数字产品的质量评定研究

随着信息化的发展,地理信息数字产品的质量特点发生了质的变化,如何科学评定DLG数字线划图的质量是本文探讨的重要问题。本文提出应用模糊数学理论,用模糊综合评价法评定DLG数字产品的质量,并且建立了该方法的数学模型,确定了质量评价体系的指标因素和权重等。结合具体实例详细阐述了DLG数字线划图的模糊综合评价方法,进一步验证此方法行之有效。     

九尾岭断裂的性状及对深圳地铁5号线的影响

深圳地铁5号线穿越深圳北东向断裂束的主要断裂之一九尾岭断裂,在主断裂下盘发育多条次生断裂和共轭断裂。断裂自身稳定性、断裂带及影响范围带的工程地质、水文地质特征对地铁线路的选择和影响是关键因素。通过断裂自身稳定性、地应力、区域构造活动性、断裂带工程水文特性方面综合分析了其对深圳地铁5号线的影响。得出断裂自身稳定性较好,但其影响范围内岩体破碎、节理裂隙发育、渗透系数大,地铁施工易导致掉块、坍塌、涌水等问题,应高度重视。对类似工程的勘察设计有一定的借鉴意义。     

Combining ECCI and FIB milling techniques to prepare site-specific TEM samples for crystal defect analysis of deformed minerals at high pressure

Dislocation microstructures in experimentally deformed single-crystal pyrope-rich garnet, (Mg,Fe)₃(Al,Cr)₃Si₃O₁₂, and polycrystalline forsterite, Mg₂SiO₄, were investigated by using electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with a focused ion beam (FIB)-microsampling. In the orientation-optimized ECCI method, we successfully observed individual dislocations across subgrain boundaries in a low-atomic-number mineral, pyrope-rich garnet (averaged Z-numbers, AZs ～ 10). Dislocations in a deformed forsterite (iron-free olivine) were also visible in the ECCI. In the ECCI on the single-crystal garnet, deformation bands consisting of dislocations, unusual contrasts in stripes and inhomogeneous distributions of sub-micrometer-sized pores were found. Further site-specific TEM observation on the deformation band revealed a high density of partial dislocations and stacking fault ribbons. The site-specific characterizations from ECCI to TEM, with assistance of FIB, can provide a new approach to investigate dislocation microstructures of deformed materials at high pressure and high temperature.