东海沉积物间隙水中硅酸盐和硫酸盐“扩散-平流-反应”模式的研究

本文提出了东海沉积物间隙水中溶解硅酸盐和硫酸盐的“扩散-平流-反应”模式。研究结果表明,由于间隙水受到硅酸盐溶解、吸附和沉淀不同体系的控制,因而间隙水中的硅酸盐具有三种不同形式的垂直分布,并从模式中得到了上述反应的反应常数,其中E柱硅溶解的一级动力学反应常数为0.00l 42a~(-1)。首次发现了东海沉积物间隙水中硅酸盐指数下降的垂直分布规律,并从数学模式上进行了处理。本文还研完了由于有机质还原sO_4~(2-)而产生的硫酸盐指数下降垂直分布,提出其模式,结果表明,SO_4~(2-)还原最大速率发生在沉积物-水界面附近,每年可达lmmo1/dm~3。     

黄、东海毗邻海域悬浮体与水团的对应关系及影响因素

对黄、东海毗邻海域由陆架到深海的悬浮体进行了大量加密取样,获得了较准确的结果。给出了悬浮体含量及其三维分布,确定它们与水团及其边界有良好的对应关系。并从物源、动力和成因等解释了这种对应,提出了水团对悬浮体研究的重要意义。研究表明黑潮次—中层混合爬升水及其混合水形成悬浮体含量最低值区,横亘在陆架与深海之间,形成阻隔含有大部分悬浮体的陆架中、下层水体向深海输送的洁净“水障”,台湾暖流北上的顶托也起类似作用,并分析了影响悬浮体含量的各种因素及有关机制。     

Biokarst on Limestone Coasts, Morphogenesis and Sediment Production

Abstract. Biokarst-forms on limestone coasts are developed and arranged according to the bionomic zonation. The development of biokarst is the result of bioerosion, a synergistic effect of biological corrosion by endoliths and biological abrasion by grazers.
The cumulative effect of biogenic carbonate destruction leads to coastal destruction with a resulting highly profiled morphology on the limestone surfaces along the coastal profile. Under the influence of environmental factors a zonation of organisms develops which brings in turn a zonation of erosion rates (0.1-1.1 mm a^-1) resulting in biokarst-forms such as rock holes, rock pools and notches.
Products of bioerosion on limestone coasts are dissolved carbonate (by biological corrosion, 10–30% of the decomposed limestone) and particulate carbonate (by biological abrasion, 70–90% of the decomposed limestone) both of which contribute directly or indirectly to nearshore sedimentation. Size and shape of the bioerosional grains are determined by the boring pattern of the endoliths. The fine-grained sediments (maximum within the fraction 20–63 μm) contribute 3–25 % to the nearshore sediments.
Drastic changes in the biological zonation (like the mass invasion of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in the Northern Adriatic since 1972 which eliminated nearly the entire macrophyte zone) due to unknown factors or pollution can have a profound effect on the bioerosion rates, altering them by as much as a factor of ten.     

对虾体内氯霉素含量测定方法的研究

应用ＨＰＬＣ技术建立常用药物氯霉素的虾体动力学研究方法。该方法的特点是：与微生物法、比色法、气相色谱法、荧光法及免疫法比较．测试准确、快速且灵敏度高。应用该方法可以从虾体内的血液、肌肉、肝胰脏、肠胃中分离出被虾吸收的氯霉素，并定量测定。在１—５０μｇ／ｍｌ范围内线性关系相关系数为０．９９９５。     

台风预报系统

本文介绍的是一项在微机上实现的台风预报专家系统。该系统可进行台风气候查询、台风路径检索、台风特例查询，并能利用相似加权法制作出１２－７２小时台风路径和中心强度预报，对异常路径台风也可提供一定的诊断预报判据。本系统已在军内外一些气象业务单位得到应用，实践证明它是一种简便有效的台风预报工具。     

人工养虾池生态系统结构特点及其控制对策

为养殖对虾而修筑的大大小小的养虾池都是一相对独立的生态系统。在池内生态条件适于对虾正常要求的情况下，对虾可以在其中生存、生长。如果生态条件逐步恶化，非但影响对虾的正常生活、生长，严重时甚至导致全部对虾死亡。粗放式的养殖，其影响也相对小些，高密度养殖情况下潜在的危险较大，对养殖池的环境状况要特别注意。ｌ人工养虾生态系统的基本特点１·１人工养殖池是一个结构简单的生态系统。在池内除放养的对虾（有时混养贝类等）外自然存在的生物通常是浮游植物和浮游动物，食物链大体上是二个层次（对虾靠投饵喂养例外）。养虾池…     

黄河三角洲潮滩发育时空谱系

研究黄河三角洲潮滩发育的时空话系指出：在时间上，黄河三角洲潮滩系由不同时期河口滩发育而成，各段潮滩发育时间因素的差异在比较形态学上有清晰反映，在空间上，并存着处于不同发育阶段上的四种类型（阶段）。由此构成了黄河三角洲前沿所特有的湖滩形态时空体系。     

Tectonics of a fast spreading center: A Deep-Tow and sea beam survey on the East Pacific rise at 19°30′ S

Sea Beam and Deep-Tow were used in a tectonic investigation of the fast-spreading (151 mm yr^-1) East Pacific Rise (EPR) at 19°30 S. Detailed surveys were conducted at the EPR axis and at the Brunhes/Matuyama magnetic reversal boundary, while four long traverses (the longest 96 km) surveyed the rise flanks. Faulting accounts for the vast majority of the relief. Both inward and outward facing fault scarps appear in almost equal numbers, and they form the horsts and grabens which compose the abyssal hills. This mechanism for abyssal hill formation differs from that observed at slow and intermediate spreading rates where abyssal hills are formed by back-tilted inward facing normal faults or by volcanic bow-forms. At 19°30 S, systematic back tilting of fault blocks is not observed, and volcanic constructional relief is a short wavelength signal (less than a few hundred meters) superimposed upon the dominant faulted structure (wavelength 2–8 km). Active faulting is confined to within approximately 5–8 km of the rise axis. In terms of frequency, more faulting occurs at fast spreading rates than at slow. The half extension rate due to faulting is 4.1 mm yr^-1 at 19°30 S versus 1.6 mm yr^-1 in the FAMOUS area on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). Both spreading and horizontal extension are asymmetric at 19°30 S, and both are greater on the east flank of the rise axis. The fault density observed at 19°30 S is not constant, and zones with very high fault density follow zones with very little faulting. Three mechanisms are proposed which might account for these observations. In the first, faults are buried episodically by massive eruptions which flow more than 5–8 km from the spreading axis, beyond the outer boundary of the active fault zone. This is the least favored mechanism as there is no evidence that lavas which flow that far off axis are sufficiently thick to bury 50–150 m high fault scarps. In the second mechanism, the rate of faulting is reduced during major episodes of volcanism due to changes in the near axis thermal structure associated with swelling of the axial magma chamber. Thus the variation in fault spacing is caused by alternate episodes of faulting and volcanism. In the third mechanism, the rate of faulting may be constant (down to a time scale of decades), but the locus of faulting shifts relative to the axis. A master fault forms near the axis and takes up most of the strain release until the fault or fault set is transported into lithosphere which is sufficiently thick so that the faults become locked. At this point, the locus of faulting shifts to the thinnest, weakest lithosphere near the axis, and the cycle repeats.     

Does subterranean flow initiate mud banks off the southwest coast of India?

Coastal waters off the southwest coast of India draw special attention because of the occurrence of mud banks at certain locations during southwest monsoon period. The present study puts forward a hypothesis of a subterranean flow, which could be a plausible mechanism to initiate the mud banks. The subterranean flow is believed to be coupled with activated trending faults and originate from the adjacent watershed (Vembanad Lake) separated from the sea by a narrow strip of land where submerged porous lime shell beds are present. When the lake water injection occurs through the fault, the mud/clay gets excited by its thixotrophic properties (as the overlying water looses its electrolyte) and transforms into a flowing fluid. The lowering of salinity due to the introduction of fresh water keeps the mud suspension in the water column for longer duration, leading to the formation of mud banks. The idea of subterranean flow through lime shell beds initiating formation of mud banks may apply globally to any coastal regions hugged by wetlands and of similar geological conditions.