岩土锚固技术在边坡工程中的应用

通过对一个实际边坡工程的分析，拟定以预应力锚索、土钉墙、喷锚支护等岩土锚固技术为主的加固方素。采用极限平衡原理进行稳定分析和剩余下滑力的计算，参考相关技术规范进行锚索和土钉墙的设计验算，结合现场试验验证锚索的可靠性并确定施工工艺，成功实现了该边坡的加固。实践表明，岩土锚固技术在边坡工程中具有方便快捷、经济可靠的突出优势。     

创造性开展工作与培养创造性人才——《林肯寻找格兰特》读后感

最近局领导向处级干部推荐《林肯寻找格兰特,如何创造性地完成任务》一文,读后深有启示。本文就学习这本书后得到启发性理念:如何培养个人的创造性,从而在工作中积极主动,开拓创新,进而成就自己的事业,实现自己的人生价值,同时在如何培养和造就创造性人才脱颖而出的机制和环境方面阐述了作者的观点。     

大宁岩体的基本特征及其与成矿作用的关系

大宁岩体由二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩及石英二长闪长岩组成,侵入时代为晚志留世(K—A r法407、445M a)。通过对岩体的微量元素、稀土元素及硫、铅、氧等同位素研究,认为银、金矿的成矿物质来自深源岩浆,大量的暗色包体是主要的成矿物质之一,在深大断裂的切割影响下,经多次构造活动,使得不同阶段的成矿物质富集并叠加而形成矿体。最利于A u、A g成矿的部位是花岗闪长岩与石英二长闪长岩的接触界线附近以及花岗闪长岩与围岩接触带附近的断裂交汇处。     

锚杆-抗滑桩系统的可靠性分析

锚杆-抗滑桩结构本身以及结构与岩土体的相互作用是一个相当复杂的问题,其影响因素非常多,再加上岩土体参数的变异性,对此结构系统的确定性分析会造成计算结果与工程实际之间较大的不相符。结构力学计算方法是目前锚杆-抗滑桩系统较为合理的计算方法,在此方法的基础上,引入对问题的维数不敏感的蒙特卡罗方法,进行锚杆-抗滑桩系统可靠性的数字模拟。通过工程实例验证,为锚杆-抗滑桩系统的设计方法由确定性分析向可靠性分析的过渡作了有益的工作。     

基于支持向量机的元胞自动机及土地利用变化模拟

提出了利用遥感数据，并采用支持向量机来确定元胞自动机非线性转换规则的新方法。元胞自动机在模拟复杂地理现象时，需要采用非线性转换规则。目前元胞自动机主要采用线性方法来获取转换规则，在反映复杂的非线性地理现象时有一定的局限性。以城市扩张的模拟为例，将模拟城市系统的主要特征变量映射到Hilbert空间后，通过SVM建立最优分割超平面，分割超平面的分类决策函数由径向基核（Radial Basis Kernel）构造。利用历史遥感数据校正超平面的决策函数，确定城市元胞自动机的非线性转换规则，计算出城市发展概率。利用所提出的方法，对深圳市1988-2010年的城市发展进行了模拟，取得了较理想的模拟效果。研究结果表明，基于SVM-CA模型的模拟精度比传统MCE方法模拟精度高，MoranⅠ指数与实际更为接近。     

基于Ajax的WebGIS开发新模式

介绍了Ajax的基本概念及其工作原理和关键技术,并以Google map为例分析了其在基于栅格的WebGIS中的应用。设计了基于Ajax的矢量WebGIS的体系结构,架构并实现了相应的系统功能,该结构模式增强了客户端的用户体验,减轻了服务器的压力。     

图像数字去噪处理方法研究及其应用

本文基于地震剖面的数字化图像特征,提出用光栅算子将地震剖面按产状分离成产状相对单一的多幅数字图像剖面。对每一幅产状相对单一的数字图像剖面,用向量分解技术的向量最大特征值对应基向量投影的原理获取有效相干信息的办法实现信噪分离;在结合地质、物探分析的基础上进行最终输出剖面的滤波加权重建,获得信噪比高、波组特征保持好、分辨率相对保证的剖面。实际资料处理结果表明本文提出方法的去噪应用效果显著。     

Ellipsoidal vertical deflections and ellipsoidal gravity disturbance: Case studies

First, we present three different definitions of the vertical which relate to (i) astronomical longitude and astronomical latitude as spherical coordinates in gravity space, (ii) Gauss surface normal coordinates (also called geodetic coordinates) of type ellipsoidal longitude and ellipsoidal latitude and (iii) Jacobi ellipsoidal coordinates of type spheroidal longitude and spheroidal latitude in geometry space. Up to terms of second order those vertical deflections agree to each other. Vertical deflections and gravity disturbances relate to a reference gravity potential. In order to refer the horizontal and vertical components of the disturbing gravity field to a reference gravity field, which is physically meaningful, we have chosen the Somigliana-Pizzetti gravity potential as well as its gradient. Second, we give a new closed-form representation of Somigliana-Pizzetti gravity, accurate to the sub Nano Gal level. Third, we represent the gravitational disturbing potential in terms of Jacobi ellipsoidal harmonics. As soon as we take reference to a normal potential of Somigliana-Pizzetti type, the ellipsoidal harmonics of degree/order (0,0), (1,0), (1, − 1), (1,1) and (2,0) are eliminated from the gravitational disturbing potential. Fourth, we compute in all detail the gradient of the gravitational disturbing potential, in particular in orthonormal ellipsoidal vector harmonics. Proper weighting functions for orthonormality on the International Reference Ellipsoid are constructed and tabulated. In this way, we finally arrive at an ellipsoidal harmonic representation of vertical deflections and gravity disturbances. Fifth, for an ellipsoidal harmonic Gravity Earth Model (SEGEN: http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/gi/research/paper/coefficients/coefficients.zip) up to degree/order 360/360 we compute the global maps of ellipsoidal vertical deflections and ellipsoidal gravity disturbances which transfer a great amount of geophysical information in a properly chosen equiareal ellipsoidal map projection.     

支持向量机(SVM)及其在场预测中的应用

介绍一种新的非线性回归分析方法--SVM回归.利用EOF能分解数据场和SVM回归分析可建立因子与预报量非线性关系的优势,设计预报方案：（1） 将因子场和预报场分别用方差标准化、EOF场展开,提取两场时间系数;（2） 用SVM回归分析实现因子场时间系数对预报场时间系数非线性预测;（3） 由预测的预报场时间系数与对应空间函数反演原场.用交叉检验的方法,对1960～2003年1月热带海表温度场预报汛期（6～8月）华中区域降水场进行试验.SVM回归44年独立预报平均技巧评分10.4%,较随机预报具有明显的技巧水平,优于经典回归.     

A Hertz contact model with non‐linear damping for pounding simulation

This paper investigates the cogency of various impact models in capturing the seismic pounding response of adjacent structures. The analytical models considered include the contact force‐based linear spring, Kelvin and Hertz models, and the restitution‐based stereomechanical approach. In addition, a contact model based on the Hertz law and using a non‐linear hysteresis damper (Hertzdamp model) is also introduced for pounding simulation. Simple analytical approaches are presented to determine the impact stiffness parameters of the various contact models. Parameter studies are performed using two degree‐of‐freedom linear oscillators to determine the effects of impact modelling strategy, system period ratio, peak ground acceleration (PGA) and energy loss during impact on the system responses. A suite of 27 ground motion records from 13 different earthquakes is used in the analysis. The results indicate that the system displacements from the stereomechanical, Kelvin and Hertzdamp models are similar for a given coefficient of restitution, despite using different impact methodologies. Pounding increases the responses of the stiffer system, especially for highly out‐of‐phase systems. Energy loss during impact is more significant at higher levels of PGA. Based on the findings, the Hertz model provides adequate results at low PGA levels, and the Hertzdamp model is recommended at moderate and high PGA levels. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.