Western Indian Ocean marine and terrestrial records of climate variability: a review and new concepts on land–ocean interactions since AD 1660

We examine the relationship between three tropical and two subtropical western Indian Ocean coral oxygen isotope time series to surface air temperatures (SAT) and rainfall over India, tropical East Africa and southeast Africa. We review established relationships, provide new concepts with regard to distinct rainfall seasons, and mean annual temperatures. Tropical corals are coherent with SAT over western India and East Africa at interannual and multidecadal periodicities. The subtropical corals correlate with Southeast African SAT at periodicities of 16–30 years. The relationship between the coral records and land rainfall is more complex. Running correlations suggest varying strength of interannual teleconnections between the tropical coral oxygen isotope records and rainfall over equatorial East Africa. The relationship with rainfall over India changed in the 1970s. The subtropical oxygen isotope records are coherent with South African rainfall at interdecadal periodicities. Paleoclimatological reconstructions of land rainfall and SAT reveal that the inferred relationships generally hold during the last 350 years. Thus, the Indian Ocean corals prove invaluable for investigating land–ocean interactions during past centuries. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

高可用群集多处理系统及在防震减灾计算机网络的应用

叙述了IBM的RS/6000系列UNXI服务器高可用群集多处理系统HACMP在国家防震减灾中心技术系统网络中心的应用,详细介绍了HACMP的原理,包括HACMP的基本概念、高可用性系统是如何提供不间断应用服务及HACMP的切换方式。     

基于网格搜索法优化支持向量机的围岩稳定性分类模型

为科学评价围岩稳定性,本次研究借助支持向量机(SVM)处理小样本、非线性问题能力强的特性,对围岩的稳定性进行了分类。选取16组围岩数据作为学习样本,以岩石质量指标、岩石单轴饱和抗压强度、完整性系数、结构面强度系数和地下水渗水量5个指标作为模型输入,围岩稳定程度为模型输出,建立了基于支持向量机的围岩稳定性分类模型。为增强模型的推广性能,提高其预测准确率,运用改进的网格搜索方法(GSM)寻找最优的支持向量机参数,并对8组围岩数据进行预测,并同BP神经网络模型的预测结果进行对比。结果表明,建立的GSM-SVM模型对预测样本的评判结果与实际结果一致,其预测精度较BP神经网络有很大的提升。     

Palaeontology,stratigraphy and sedimentology of Woodeaton Quarry (Oxfordshire) and a new microvertebrate site from the White Limestone Formation (Bathonian,Jurassic)

Woodeaton Quarry in Oxfordshire has previously yielded a number of large sauropod vertebrae and other (unpublished) dinosaur remains from a horizon in the Rutland Formation. No review of the wider terrestrial fauna from Woodeaton has been published to date. Here we present an overview of new material recovered from a microvertebrate site at the top of the White Limestone Formation (Middle Jurassic, Bathonian, Great Oolite Group, Retrocostatum Zone) and review the stratigraphy to provide a comprehensive local stratigraphic framework and place the quarry in the correct regional context. The terrestrial fauna is similar to that found from other UK Bathonian microvertebrate sites and includes probable dromaeosaurid theropods, ornithischians, tritylodontids and mammaliaforms such as amphitheriids, docodonts, ‘eutriconodonts’, ‘haramyids’ and multituberculates. Placement of the White Limestone Formation boundaries are clarified with respect to the Rutland and Forest Marble Formations. This indicates that the microvertebrate bed from Woodeaton is slightly older than that of the well-known mammal bed from nearby Kirtlington Quarry.     

Integrated Water Systems Model for Terrestrial Water Cycle Simulation

The terrestrial water cycle is influenced by a wide range of climatic variables and human disturbances. In the era of the Anthropocene, when humans drive the changes in atmospheric and hydrological processes in river basins, there is an urgent need to include human impacts in the study of the terrestrial water cycle. This paper focused on the large-scale hydrological modeling which takes account of human impacts, reviewed the research progress of the natural and human-induced changes in the terrestrial water cycle and the development of comprehensive terrestrial hydrological models in recent years, and proposed that an integrated water system model with human-related processes such as crop water demand model, engineering regulation and social water demand, be the key to large-scale water cycle simulations under changing environment. Based on the existing large-scale land surface hydrological model, there is a need to put forward the integration of the human-related processes. A comprehensive integrated water system model that considers multi-processes can help us to understand the key mechanisms of how climate change and human activity influence the regional water cycle. It also provides a theoretical and practical basis for investigating the causes and effects of changes in terrestrial water cycle under a changing environment, and thus offers scientific support for climate change adaptation in the water sector.     

"国家数字地震台网分中心地震波形数据管理和服务"系统

国家数字地震台网分中心负责分析处理国家数字地震台网和区域有人值守数字地震台网的资料,为了更好地使这些数据在实际应用中发挥作用,分中心开发研制了一套地震波形数据的管理和服务系统。     

当前地震勘探仪器的应用技术分析

本文对当前地震数据采集记录系统(地震仪器)的结构与使用状况进行了分类和分析．介绍了408UL、IMAGE、ARIES、BOX、IT等目前最常用的几种大型有线或无线地震仪器;介绍了目前地震仪器采用的∑-△型的ADC技术、网络遥测技术、多进制数字调制技术、蜂窝技术以及GPS时钟同步技术等多种新技术．从目前地震勘探所面临的环境及保护、勘探成本、勘探效益、勘探精度等问题出发,阐述了仪器所面,临的道数和传感器等问题,认为地震仪器应该向传感、定位、采集、传输一体化的高度智能自由组合系统发展。     

基于SLR时间序列构建STRF及其与ITRF2008转换关系的研究

利用SLR时间序列与ITRF2008的公共参考站的坐标及速度信息,实现两者间的欧几里得标准相似变换,以核心参考站在1983—2008年的SLR时间序列解算了各历元与ITRF2008的转换参数,并对转换参数进行统计分析,结果可靠。     

Retrieval of small-relief marsh morphology from Terrestrial Laser Scanner, optimal spatial filtering, and laser return intensity

Marshes are ubiquitous landforms in estuaries and lagoons, where important hydrological, morphological and ecological processes take place. These areas attenuate sea action on the coast and act as sediment trapping zones. Due to their ecosystem functions and effects on coastal stabilization, marshes are crucial structures in tidal environments, both biologically and geomorphologically, and are fundamental elements in wetland restoration and coastal realignment schemes. The spatially-distributed study of the geomorphology of intertidal areas using remotely-sensed digital terrain models remains problematic, owing to their small relief, often of the order of a few tens of centimetres, and to the presence of short and dense vegetation, which strongly reduces the number of resolvable ground returns. Here, we use high-resolution Terrestrial Laser Scanning ( 200 returns/m²) to retrieve a high-resolution and high-accuracy Digital Terrain Model within a tidal marsh in the Venice lagoon. To this aim we apply a new filtering scheme to Terrestrial Laser Scanner data which selects the lowest values within moving windows, whose optimal size is determined with the aid of a limited number of ancillary Differential GPS data in order to maximize resolution while ensuring the identification of true ground returns. The accuracy of the filtered data is further refined using classifications of the intensity of the returns to extract additional information on the surface (ground or canopy) originating the returning laser beam. Validations against about 200 reference Differential GPS ground elevation observations indicates that the best separation of canopy and ground signals is obtained using a low-pass filter with window size of the order of 1 m and the maximum likelihood classifier to further refine the detection of ground returns. In this case the average estimation error is about 1 cm (slight overestimation of ground elevation), while its standard deviation is about 3 cm. Our approach allows the separation of laser returns coming from the low marsh vegetation from those coming from the marsh surface. The overall result is a new observation technique producing Digital Terrain and Digital Surface Models in areas with very small relief, which is shown to provide unprecedented high-resolution and high-accuracy characterizations of marsh morphology.     

河南省地震前兆台网监测能力评定

根据河南省及其邻省地震前兆专业台站的分布情况,利用数模型F＝exp[-b(b-k)/n],以0．5°×0．5°作为单位区域,对河南省16万km^2区域内,分别计算出对5．0－6．5级地震及6．5级以上地震的监测能力图,并提出改进提高地震监测能力的具体措施。