Retrieval of tea polyphenol at leaf level using spectral transformation and multi-variate statistical approach

In the present study, field based hyperspectral data was used to estimate the tea (Camellia sinensis L.) polyphenol at Deha Tea garden of Assam state, India. Leaf reflectance spectra were first filtered for noise and then transformed into normalized and first derivative reflectance for further analysis. Stepwise discriminant analysis was carried out to select sensitive bands for a range of polyphenol concentration by minimizing the effects of other factors such as age of the bushes and management practices. The wavelengths at 358, 369, 484, 845, 916, 1387, 1420, 1435, 1621 and 2294 nm were identified as sensitive to tea polyphenol, among which 2294 nm was found to be the most recurring band. The noise removed selected bands, their transformed derivatives and principal components were regressed with the tea polyphenol using univariate and multi-variate analysis. In univariate analysis the correlation was very poor with RMSE more than 3.0. A significant improvement in R² values were observed when multivariate analyses like stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) and partial least square regression (PLSR) was carried out. The PLSR of first derivative reflectance was most accurate (R² = 0.81 and RMSE = 1.39 mg g⁻¹) among all the uni- and multivariate analysis for predicting the polyphenol of fresh tea leaves.     

中国茶树生态区划的新方案

本文在分析和研究我国各地茶叶生产情况、不同茶树种类对生态环境适宜的差异以及中国茶区自然环境特征的基础上,提出了新的茶树生态区划。此区划分为两级系统,第一级分出四个区即暖温带茶区(小叶种茶可种植区),北亚热带茶区(高品质小叶种茶适宜区),中亚热带茶区(中小叶种茶最适宜区),南亚热带、热带茶区(大叶种茶适宜区)。在一级区的基础上,又分出九个二级小区。指出了中国各个茶区的发展方向,对我国今后的茶叶生产乃至茶叶的出口创汇意义重大。     

郎溪十字铺茶园土壤环境与土壤动物

这是一篇有关茶园土壤环境和土壤动物关系的调查研究。通过对不同种植年限、不同产量和土壤类型茶园取样调查,基本摸清茶园土壤动物的组成、数量和分布,找出了茶园土壤动物的优势和常见类群。并通过六个样地的对比得出:茶树种植时间愈久,产量愈高,随着土壤理化性质变化,土壤动物愈丰富。根据斯皮尔曼等级相关系数分析证明,土壤动物的丰富度与土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷含量和土壤容重大小呈正相关,达到极密切和密切程度;与土壤PH值大小呈负相关,达到密切程度;黄红壤中土壤动物类群数明显高于黄棕壤。     

日照茶叶生产基地绿茶品质评价分析

研究了日照茶叶生产基地BDC,BBSZ和BYQ3个茶园的福鼎大白、黄山群体和鸠坑3个绿茶品种主要生化成分的含量,并将其与浙江龙井、福建乌龙茶名种等南方优质绿茶的各生化成分进行对比分析。结果表明,3个绿茶品种中,鸠坑的品质最好,福鼎大白次之,黄山群体最差,但日照绿茶总体品质要．优于各南方绿茶。     

四川省平武县茶树岭锰矿地质特征及找矿标志

茶树岭锰矿是近年来在川西北地区新发现的锰矿床。文章在阐述成矿地质背景、矿区地质特征及矿床地质特征的基础上,对矿床成因作了探讨,认为茶树岭锰矿成因类型属于浅海相沉积型锰矿床,并提出了找矿标志;其对周边找矿实践具有参考意义。     

地方性对地理标识性产品垄断利润形成的影响——以苏州洞庭碧螺春为例

以地方性理论为切入点,提出历史事件为地方性的来源。在洞庭碧螺春原产地苏州吴中区东山镇和金庭镇（原西山镇）进行访谈调查,了解地方性在洞庭碧螺春生产销售方面的作用。运用级差地租理论和垄断市场理论说明了当地通过占据历史事件发生地的“地方性”而获得了级差地租和垄断利润。研究结论为：① 历史事件和传说具有空间不可移动性,可以成为形成级差地租的因素。② 历史传说赋予地理标识产品的质量无法通过理化手段测量,因此会出现原产地之外的茶叶假冒当地茶叶销售获利。派生的建议是当地政府需要加强对地理标识产品的宣传及法律保护。     

Adsorption of Zinc using Tea Factory Waste: Kinetics,Equilibrium and Thermodynamics

In India, the annual production of tea is ca. 857,000 tonnes, which is 27.4% of the total world production. The amount of tea factory waste (TFW) produced per annum after processing is ca. 190,400 tonnes. TFW can be used as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of toxic metals from the aqueous phase. An investigation was carried out to study the feasibility of the use of TFW as an adsorbent for the removal of the heavy metal, zinc. Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies were reported. The straight line plot of log (q_e–q) versus time t for the adsorption of zinc shows the validity of the Lagergren equation. The various steps involved in adsorbate transport from the solution to the surface of the adsorbent particles were dealt with by using a Weber‐Morris plot, q_e versus t^0.5 for the TFW. The rate controlling parameters, k_id,1 and k_id,2, were determined and it was found that the macro‐pore diffusion rate was much larger than micro‐pore diffusion rate. A batch sorption model, which assumes the pseudo‐second‐order mechanism, was used to predict the rate constant of sorption, the equilibrium sorption capacity and the initial sorption rate with the effect of initial zinc (II) ion concentration. Equilibrium data obtained from the experiments were analyzed with various isotherms, i. e., Freundlich, Langmuir, Redlich‐Peterson and Tempkin. The adsorption equilibrium was reached in 30 min and the adsorption data fitted well to all models. The maximum adsorption capacity of TFW for zinc (II) ions was determined to be 14.2 mg/g. The capacity of adsorption on Zn(II) increased with increasing temperatures and pH. The maximum uptake level of zinc was observed at pH of 4.2. The various thermodynamic parameters, i. e., ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°, were estimated. The thermodynamics of the zinc ion/TFW system indicated a spontaneous, endothermic and random nature of the process. The results showed that the TFW, which has low economical value, is a suitable adsorbent for the removal of zinc (II) ions from aqueous solutions.     

基于分布式模型模拟的茶树种植适宜性区划

茶树种植适宜性区划研究可为浙江茶产业良好发展和优化布局提供理论依据。从气候、土壤、地形3类影响因子中选出10个因子对浙江省的茶树种植适宜性进行区划研究。其中,气候因子5个,分别为年平均气温、≥10℃活动积温、年降雨量、生长季平均相对湿度和年日照时数,这5个因子通过主成分分析筛选确定;土壤因子2个,即:土壤质地和土壤p H值;地形因子3个,即:海拔高度、坡度和坡向。考虑到浙江省地形复杂多样的实际情况,对所有气候因子采用分布式模型实现其空间分布精细化模拟。利用层次分析法确定各因子权重系数,采用加权求和法建立茶树种植综合区划评估模型。结合各种因子适宜性等级量化指标,最终获得茶树种植适宜性综合评价得分的空间分布。基于土地利用现状,屏蔽水域、城镇居民用地等不适宜种植区,将浙江分为适宜、较适宜和不适宜3个种植区。结果表明,浙江茶树种植各指标适宜性以气候适宜性最佳,地形适宜性次之,土壤适宜性最差。浙江茶树适宜区占参评面积(除去屏蔽区域)的45.51%,该区海拔、热量等自然资源充分满足茶树生长;较适宜区占47.05%,该区主要分布在平原地带或中高海拔地区;不适宜区占7.44%,主要分布在高山区,热量资源不足。     

贵州湄潭云贵山优质茶叶产地岩-土系统元素分配迁移与茶叶品质关系研究

通过岩-土剖面地球化学元素测试,分析了云贵山优质茶叶产地岩-土系统元素的迁移分配规律。研究结果表明,岩石中N、P、Mn、Zn、Mo、B元素含量高于中国主要地球化学标准物质的标准值,表土层中N、P、B、Mn、Zn、Mo、Al2O3、K2O、Fe2O元素和氧化物含量高出中国土壤背景值。岩石和表土层元素中N、P、S、B表现明显富集,元素迁移系数在0.73 1.26之间,显示了具有相似化学行为的元素具有相似的迁移规律。土壤层中元素含量与茶叶中元素含量呈正相关,岩-土系统元素对优质茶叶生长及品质有着重大影响。在相似环境下,寒武系碎屑岩分布区有利于茶树生长和品质的提高。     

日照茶叶生产基地绿茶品质评价分析

研究了日照茶叶生产基地BDC,BBSZ和BYQ3个茶园的福鼎大白、黄山群体和鸠坑3个绿茶品种主要生化成分的含量,并将其与浙江龙井、福建乌龙茶名种等南方优质绿茶的各生化成分进行对比分析。结果表明,3个绿茶品种中,鸠坑的品质最好,福鼎大白次之,黄山群体最差,但日照绿茶总体品质要．优于各南方绿茶。