基于耐震时程法的进水塔结构抗震性能分析

进水塔结构作为水电站的进水建筑物,其抗震性能对水电站的安全运行有重要意义。以沙牌水电站的高耸独立进水塔结构为研究对象,应用3条耐震时程曲线对其进行抗震性能分析与评估,并将计算结果与天然地震动下的增量动力分析结果进行比较,对比分析进水塔塔顶位移、基底剪力及地震损伤历程。实例研究表明：耐震时程法可以较好地分析结构的抗震响应,与增量动力分析结果的均值相匹配。耐震时程法可以利用较少的时程分析得到不同动力强度作用下的结构响应,且计算结果精度好、效率高,为进水塔结构的抗震性能分析提供一种新的手段。     

市场化背景下中国城市电视市场结构空间格局演变 ——以30个省会城市、直辖市为例

在回顾电视传媒市场化改革的基础上,结合时空分析、标准距离法和决策树C5.0演算法,研究了2005―2015年4个直辖市和26个省会城市电视市场结构的空间格局演变及其影响因素。结果发现：电视市场空间格局存在3阶段变化特征,市场化发展期为南北差异格局,市场化推进期为东西差异格局,市场化深化期东西差异格局进一步细化;文化差异、电视传媒发展、市场的“马太效应”分别是3个市场化阶段电视市场结构空间格局演变的主要原因,市场化使电视市场结构从文化差异主导的空间格局演变为经济差异主导的空间格局。     

基于CSI效应的直线电机驱动塔系结构风振控制研究

控制系统与结构振动的相互作用(Control Structure Interaction,简称CSI)广泛存在于结构与主动控制系统之间,然而目前在直线电机驱动的塔系结构风振控制研究中往往没有充分考虑CSI效应,使得理论控制效果与实际控制效果存在偏差。为了考察CSI效应对塔系结构风振控制的影响,首先以电磁驱动AMD系统"电-力-运动"相互关系模型为基础,建立考虑CSI效应的塔系结构直线电机驱动AMD风振控制系统模型;其次综合权衡计算效率和控制精度的关系,选取考虑低阶CSI效应模型以及最经典的LQR控制算法。在此基础上,对该塔系结构确定是否考虑CSI效应进行相应的控制分析。结果表明,CSI效应在塔系结构风振控制中起着重要的作用,制定与实际工程结合更佳的直线电机驱动AMD系统风振控制方案中需要考虑CSI效应,为以后在实际工程中推广应用提供一种新思路。     

Field survey and analysis of hillslopes on tower karst in Guilin,southern China

Limestone dissolution in tropical and subtropical humid southern China created residual hills with steep slopes, a landform that is referred to as tower karst. Two types of tower karst landform feature, fenglin or peak forest (isolated towers) and fengcong or peak cluster (linked‐base towers), were identified in Guilin. Previous studies proposed two hypotheses regarding their origin and evolution. One is the sequential evolution model from peak cluster to peak forest. The other is a parallel development model, which postulates that both peak cluster and peak forest have developed simultaneously. Through detailed field survey and analysis of slope forms on tower karst in Guilin, it was found that the mean slope angle of the towers is very high (62·4°) and ranges from 60° to 75°. There is no significant difference in mean slope angle and slope angle distribution between towers in the peak cluster basin and peak forest floodplain areas. Mean slope angle increases with intensified fluvial dissection. Three levels of caves in the towers of the peak forest in Guilin were identified in previous research. The isolated towers of the peak forest as well as scattered residuals of peak cluster are generally distributed in the centre of the Guilin syncline. Favourable circumstances of allogenic water concentration indicate that development of the peak forest resulted from the combined effects of subcutaneous and subterranean dissolution as well as subsequent collapse and recession by fluvial erosion after uplifting. By contrast, peak clusters generally occur on the limbs of the syncline or at the periphery of the Guilin basin with relatively higher elevations. The thick vadose zone and predominantly vertical flow suggests that peak clusters are mainly formed by the combination of intensive uplifting and the enhancement of original dolines. The evidence of slope survey and slope analysis suggests that both isolated towers and linked‐base towers developed simultaneously but by different mechanisms of formation and different combinations of development processes. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

独立式塔吊基础抗倾覆稳定分析

近年来,塔吊频繁发生重大工程事故,而现行规范中有关独立式塔吊混凝土基础抗倾覆稳定验算的规定存在不足,使设计的独立式塔吊偏不安全,所以,独立式塔吊基础抗倾覆稳定分析具有工程价值。     

无背索斜拉桥主塔受力及抗震性能分析

为探讨主塔横梁对无背索斜拉桥结构的静动力特性影响,以某无背索斜拉桥为原型,采用三维静\,动力有限元计算方法,分析了实心横梁、大空心横梁、小空心横梁与无横梁四种主塔横梁方案的静、动力结构特性。静力计算结果表明:在最不利荷载作用下,四种对比方案中,实心横梁的拉索应力接近安全系数临界值;横梁重量越大,主梁挠度及主塔顺桥向变形值越小,且未设置横梁的方案在长期荷载作用下产生主跨侧的收缩徐变变形值。动力计算结果表明:大空心横梁方案结构横桥向刚度最大塔底轴力最大、横桥向弯矩值最大;无横梁时横桥向剪力最大,且无横梁方案使得主塔刚度较小,阵型易出现主塔横向失稳。综合考虑结构静、动力特性与施工便利性和后期维护,建议该结构采用实心主塔横梁。     

Prediction of ground motion due to the collapse of a large-scale cooling tower under strong earthquakes

The ground motion owing to the collapse of a large-scale cooling tower under strong earthquakes was appropriately predicted using a comprehensive approach. The predicted results can be used for the safety evaluation of nuclear-related facilities adjacent to the cooling tower as well as in the planning of nuclear power plant construction in China. In this study, a cooling tower–soil model was first developed based on a falling weight–soil model, which the authors verified by falling weight tests. Then the collapse process of a cooling tower was simulated, and the collapse-induced ground vibrations were assessed by using the proposed model. Finally, the ground motion, which was a combination of the earthquake-induced ground motion and the collapse-induced ground vibrations, was estimated based on the superposition principle of waves. It was found that the cooling tower may collapse under strong earthquakes with the peak ground accelerations (PGAs) in the range of 0.35–0.45 g in x (EW) and y (NS) directions, respectively. These PGAs are far beyond the PGA range of major earthquakes in the common seismic design in China. The types of the site geologies of towers can significantly affect the collapse-induced ground vibrations. For a typical hard soil consisting of strongly weathered sandy slate, moderate ground vibrations may occur in the considered region. The collapse-induced PGAs were in the range of 0.017–0.046 g for the observed points at distances of 350 m in radial direction. For a rock-like foundation, the collapse-induced radial PGAs may be as high as 0.08 g at distances of 350 m, indicating that the effect of the collapse-induced ground vibrations on the nuclear-related facilities should be seriously assessed in certain scenarios.     

A primary study of the variations of vertical radiation with the Beijing 325-m Meteorological Tower

The Beijing 325-m Meteorological Tower (325MT) is used to observe the vertical variation of solar radiation. Results of the experiments indicate that the automatic radiation monitoring system, including a sun tracker and data collection system, works well and all the specifications meet WMO observation standards. The measurement data show that there is a significant radiation decrease from 320m to the surface, where the difference is only about 30Wm^-2 on light air-pollution days, while the maximum reaches about 110Wm^-2 when heavy pollution appears near the ground. The global UV radiation decreases on heavy air-pollution days and under poor visibility conditions, and the difference between 300m and 8m is larger than on clear days.     

"小、灵、快"打造市级电视气象节目的新特色

分析了市级电视气象节目发展的主要方向,是根据自身的实际情况,坚持走"小、灵、快"的道路,立足地方,服务地方,贴近观众,贴近生活,深入挖潜出新,以满足城市观众日益提高的收视需求.     

采煤沉陷区输电铁塔复合防护板基础抗变形性能及其板厚取值研究

以某采煤沉陷区内的典型输电铁塔及其复合防护板基础工程为背景,考虑地基-基础-上部铁塔结构的共同作用,对不同板厚复合防护板基础的抗采动变形性能进行了研究,并引入＂保护作用＂的概念,对独立基础和复合防护板基础的抗变形性能进行了分析。研究表明,设置复合防护板后,与独立基础相比,可明显减少铁塔支座的水平位移及上部结构的应力,支座位移与结构应力随着复合大板厚度的增大而减小,其减小的幅度随着板厚的增大而趋缓,当板厚达到一定数值以后几乎不再减小。提出的复合防护板的厚度可取铁塔基础长向根开的1/45～1/35的建议,以供采煤沉陷区内复合防护板基础的设计参考。