GPS全球电离层TEC的并行算法建模及初步结果分析

根据高精度卫星导航定位和全球电离层活动监测的需要,利用全球370多个GPS基准站的双频相位实测数据,监测全球电离层总电子含量变化和GPS卫星及接收机的DCB。由于数据量大、数据处理时间长,很难实现高精度快速建模,为此我们采用OpenMP并行算法来加快数据处理速度。实验表明,相对于串行处理,并行处理在8核服务器下能加速7倍以上,在48核服务器下能加速超过40倍。将本文的初步建模结果与CODE、JPL等分析中心的结果进行比较,表明用该方法建立的模型是可靠的。其卫星DCB结果相对于CODE发布的结果精度为0.4ns,相对于JPL发布的结果其精度达到0.3 ns。其测站DCB相对于2个分析中心结果的精度均优于2 ns,垂直总电子含量相对于各分析中心的GIM产品的精度都在5.3TECU以内,相对于CODE的结果的精度最高,达4 TECU。     

Abel电离层掩星反演方法及误差分析

GNSS-LEO电离层无线电掩星技术是近年来发展的电离层探测新技术.为消除LEO轨道以上的电离层影响,改正TEC反演方法采用非掩星侧的观测数据进行电离层掩星反演.本文首次提出了一种新方法--基于历元差分的电离层反演方法;并将改正TEC与历元差分两种反演方法应用于模拟掩星观测数据反演,随后基于反演结果及误差分析得到一些有益的结论:历元差分反演精度较改正TEC反演精度均有所提高;不管是哪种方法,高轨(约800 km)反演结果要优于低轨(约500 km)的反演结果;随着剖面高度的降低,反演精度随之下降;反演误差主要集中在8至18时(当地时),主要分布在磁纬-30°至30°之间.     

极区极夜期间E层占优电离层的分布特征

E层占优电离层是指E层的峰值电子密度大于F层的峰值电子密度（N_mE>N_mF）时的电离层,记为ELDI（E-Layer Dominated Ionosphere）。针对ELDI,利用2007-2010年的COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate satellite)掩星数据,在修正地磁纬度-磁地方时标系下统计分析了它在南北极区极夜期间（南北半球的冬至日前后30天）的分布特征,结果表明极夜期间电离层ELDI特征明显,其分布与极光椭圆位形基本一致,而且其在夜侧的发生率较高,特别是磁子夜之后,北极为70%左右,而南极为90%左右;另外南极的ELDI特征在磁纬度分布上要略宽于北极的分布范围。在ELDI高发区,电离层峰值电子密度要高于其两侧地区,特别是在夜侧,尤其是磁子夜前的峰值电子密度要接近甚至大于磁正午的峰值电子密度,在南极地区格外明显;而且ELDI高发区内的E层的电子含量（TECE）、电离层总电子含量（TECI）及TECE占TECI的比重（TECEI）都高于其两侧地区,北极TECE和TECI大于南极,而TECEI则是南极大于北极。这些现象主要是由于极夜期间极区高能粒子沉降引起底部电离层电离率增大所致;同时,由于地磁轴偏离地理轴的程度在南极要大于北极,使得极夜期间南极地区的电离层的电子密度,特别是在F层要相应地小于北极地区,从而导致了极夜期间南北半球极区电离层ELDI特征之间差异。     

�ۺ϶��ַ��������й�����TECʱ�ձ仯����

????????????????????С?????????????1999??2013??IGS??????????????????й?????TEC???仯??????仯????仯???????????????о???????????TEC???????????????????С???????????γ??????????γ???????????????????????У?????????????LT12:00??16:00???????LT04:00??06:00?????з???????γ?????????????????????TEC?????????????е?????????????????＾??TEC?????????183 d???????????????й??????2001????????“??????”????     

Calibration errors on experimental slant total electron content (TEC) determined with GPS

The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become a powerful tool for ionospheric studies. In addition, ionospheric corrections are necessary for the augmentation systems required for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) use. Dual-frequency carrier-phase and code-delay GPS observations are combined to obtain ionospheric observables related to the slant total electron content (sTEC) along the satellite-receiver line-of-sight (LoS). This observable is affected by inter-frequency biases [IFB; often called differential code biases (DCB)] due to the transmitting and the receiving hardware. These biases must be estimated and eliminated from the data in order to calibrate the experimental sTEC obtained from GPS observations. Based on the analysis of single differences of the ionospheric observations obtained from pairs of co-located dual-frequency GPS receivers, this research addresses two major issues: (1) assessing the errors translated from the code-delay to the carrier-phase ionospheric observable by the so-called levelling process, applied to reduce carrier-phase ambiguities from the data; and (2) assessing the short-term stability of receiver IFB. The conclusions achieved are: (1) the levelled carrier-phase ionospheric observable is affected by a systematic error, produced by code-delay multi-path through the levelling procedure; and (2) receiver IFB may experience significant changes during 1 day. The magnitude of both effects depends on the receiver/antenna configuration. Levelling errors found in this research vary from 1.4 total electron content units (TECU) to 5.3 TECU. In addition, intra-day vaiations of code-delay receiver IFB ranging from 1.4 to 8.8 TECU were detected.     

Temporal and spatial variability of the bias between TOPEX- and GPS-derived total electron content

Total electron content (TEC) predictions made with the GPS-based la plata ionospheric model (LPIM) and the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI95) model were compared to estimates from the dual-frequency altimeter onboard the TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) satellite. LPIM and IRI95 were evaluated for the location and time of available T/P data, from January 1997 to December 1998. To investigate temporal and spatial variations of the TEC bias between T/P and each model, the region covered by T/P observations was divided into ten latitude bands. For both models and for all latitudes, the bias was mainly positive (i.e. T/P values were larger); the LPIM bias was lower and less variable than the IRI95 bias. To perform a detailed analysis of temporal and spatial variability of the T/P-LPIM TEC bias, the Earth’s surface was divided into spherical triangles with 9°-sides, and a temporally varying regression model was fitted to every triangle. The highest TEC bias was found over the equatorial anomalies, which is attributed to errors in LPIM. A significant TEC bias was found at 40°N latitude, which is attributed to errors in the T/P Sea State Bias (SSB) correction. To separate systematic errors in the T/P TEC from those caused by LPIM, altimeter range biases estimated by other authors were analysed in connection with the TEC bias. This suggested that LPIM underestimates the TEC, particularly during the Southern Hemisphere summer, while T/P C-band SSB calibration is worse during the Southern Hemisphere winter.     

GPS硬件延迟计算精度及其稳定性分析

硬件延迟是利用GPS进行TEC测量时最大的误差源,其影响可达30多TECU。为获得更准确的绝对TEC数值,必须利用一定的电离层模型计算得出GPS系统硬件延迟。本文为估算利用一个时段内的观测数据计算得出的硬件延迟对后续时段TEC测量的影响,利用IGS网络中60多个数据质量良好的GPS跟踪站数据,对硬件延迟的精度和稳定性进行了研究。结果表明:GPS系统硬件延迟在短期内具有较好的精度和稳定性,但是当发生电离层扰动现象时GPS系统硬件延迟的精度和稳定性会遭到破坏。同时根据GPS系统硬件延迟稳定性的研究成果,本文还提出了一种对太阳耀斑进行预报的观点。     

2014年鲁甸6.5级地震震前TEC异常分析

2014年8月3日云南省鲁甸发生了6.5级地震.针对震前电离层异常问题,利用IGS提供的全球电离层数据,采用滑动四分位法对鲁甸地震震中及其周围格网点的TEC进行异常探测,发现震前3d、6d和13 d电离层有明显的异常,其中震前3d、6d的异常最为显著.在进一步分析了太阳地磁活动及这几天的全球TEC异常分布后,认为这3d的电离层异常可能与震前的孕育地震有关.另外,这3d的TEC异常分布区域都满足在经度方向跨度和纬度方向跨度长度比约为3:1,且异常的峰值点并不位于震中的正上方,而是位于震中偏向赤道方向,同时赤道共轭区域也存在异常,但范围和幅度都较小.     

电离层延迟对星载InSAR精度的影响

针对电离层对L、P等较长波段的星载合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)成像产生的相位延迟效应会造成InSAR精度下降的问题,建立电离层相位延迟模型,分析背景电离层TEC对不同波段SAR信号的距离和相位延迟,给出了TEC和SAR相位延迟之间的关系曲线;提出用沿电磁波传播斜距上的电子积分总量STEC来代替垂测TEC,采用简化射线描迹方法进行STEC估计,提高了TEC计算精度;通过仿真实验分析不同TEC分布模型对InSAR精度的影响。实验结果表明,因干涉测量中基线估计的补偿效应,使得成像范围内等量分布的TEC对测量精度无明显影响;成像范围内TEC值随空间位置不同而发生变化时,对InSAR的精度将产生较大影响,需要考虑电离层的校正。     

GNSS广播电离层模型在极区的改正效果分析

电离层时延为GPS测量中最棘手、最严重的误差源,而极区结构复杂波动较大,电离层延迟极大影响了GPS测量精度,故在极区选取一个简单有效的电离层模型极为重要。将GPS及BDS采用的不同Klobuchar模型以及Ne Quick模型计算的极区总电子含量,以欧洲定轨中心提供的GIM模型电离层产品作为参考标准,研究三种广播电离层模型在北极地区的均方根和模型改正率。选取了2009—2013年共计5年的时间数据进行分析。结果表明,纬度在57.5°以上地区电离层改正GPS系统采用的Klobuchar模型基本不适用,但改正效果依然优于BDS,而Ne Quick模型改正效果弱于中低纬度,改正率整体在40%左右。