从对立统一观论人—地关系动力学

人－地关系动力学将成为新工纪的地球科学的前沿学科。环境与发展已成为今日国际社会的共识。从对立统一观分析,人－地关系动力学具有整体性与局部性、缓变性与突发性、可再生性与不可再生性、因果性、不可逆性与避防性、线性变化与指数变化等特性。人类社会经济发展与资源、生态环境之间相互制约,要在现代科学技术的有效支持下,保持、发扬优化条件,减少、防止恶化条件,使人类社会经济保持健康的持续发展。     

Escape to victory: Development,youth entrepreneurship and the migration of Ghanaian footballers

This article contributes to contemporary debates over the resourcefulness and entrepreneurialism of young people in the Global South by exploring the relationship between development and the migration of male youth within the football industry. Drawing on fieldwork in Accra, the paper reveals how young Ghanaians attempt to enact development as freedom through spatial mobility. Significantly, this is coupled with an awareness that their desired spatial mobility is difficult to attain, thereby inducing a sense of involuntary immobility. For some male youth, the solution to this predicament is to invest in their sporting bodily capital and become Foucauldian ‘entrepreneurs of self’ in the form of a professional footballer. Meanwhile for others, the solution to prevailing economic pressures is to embrace financial risk by becoming entrepreneurs in the form of football club owners, and attempting to profit from the movement of players. The interests of these two sets of entrepreneurs coalesce around the fact that the mobility of footballers is crucial to generating a return on their respective investments. It is argued that the construction of young Ghanaians as responsible for their future life chances, and the growing dissonance between aspirations and the ability to migrate, is a key reason why youth are trying to migrate through football. Problematically, this can foster conditions favourable for irregular migration.     

安徽独山富硒区土壤硒元素迁移转化规律及开发研究

选取广德独山地区作为研究对象,利用安徽省富硒土壤分级标准,相对系统地研究独山地区农业可耕地土壤及其植物中的硒含量。研究表明:土壤中硒含量与有效硒、镉、铬、氮、钼、有机质等具有显著的正相关关系,土壤中磷、锰、pH值等含量或指标越高,硒的生物有效性越低。这些为独山地区富硒产品开发的定位提供了一定的理论依据,并对当地的富硒产品的开发提出了一系列的可行性建议。     

芦山地震诱发次生地质灾害的分布规律和类型、特征及演化趋势分析

420芦山地震不仅造成了巨大的人员伤亡和财产损失,还诱发了大量的崩塌、滑坡等次生地质灾害。本文在对芦山地震重灾区自然地质环境条件分析的基础上,对芦山地震诱发次生地质灾害的分布发育规律、类型和特征及震后演化趋势等进行了详细的分析和总结。芦山地震新诱发次生地质灾害1337处,主要次生灾害类型为崩塌、滑坡和不稳定斜坡,灾害规模以中小型为主,新增的次生地质灾害主要发育于白垩系、三叠系砂泥岩、二叠系碳酸盐岩地层、第三系砾岩半成岩地层的陡坡和陡崖上以及全强风化壳和第四系堆积物中,并沿龙门山南段断裂带（中林双石断裂）以及宝兴河、芦山河、灵关河等河谷和沟道两侧以及公路内侧山坡的陡坡地段集中分布。芦山地震不仅诱发了数以千计的次生地质灾害,还形成了许多潜在的、隐蔽性强的地质灾害,地震灾区的次生地质灾害总体会呈现加剧发展的趋势。     

县市级政府决策信息系统的开发应用:专业GIS软件SK set V4.0功能介绍——以贵州沿河土家族自治县资源遥感信息系统为例

SK set V4.0是中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所GIS中心2001年4月开发成功的、具有自主版权的专业GIS平台软件.它集成了现今较为先进的组件、控件重用,面向对象编程等技术,并以美国Inprise公司的Borland C Builder编译软件为开发平台,提供了全中文菜单环境,不仅具有基本信息和多图层查询、相关分析动态监测、多因子分析、图斑编辑、自动演示、系统维护等功能,而且还具有快速响应的工具条、友好的对话框和较强的纠错机制,很适合于缺乏专业GIS人才的县市级政府管理部门使用.文中还以贵州省沿河县资源遥感信息系统为例,对SK set V4.0的功能和使用方法进行了具体的介绍.     

车田湾地热田地质地球物理特征及开发前景

车田湾地热田属低温地热资源。热泉分布受ＳＮ向压扭性深大断裂（Ｆ２）与近ＥＷ向张性断裂的复合控制，其断层破碎带为硅化脉充填，表现为高阻地电特征。应用电测深法可以确定其断层破碎带产出位置和延伸方向。用钾镁地热温标计算热田地表温度，用钾钠地热温标计算热田深部温度。根据温度随深度而递增的规律，应用温度－深度曲线方法推算地下某深度的水温，从而可合理开发利用地热资源。     

可持续发展能力“资产负债表”理论解析

论述了制订区域可持续发展能力“资产负债表”的意义。从可持续发展系统学研究方向,对区域可持续发展能力作了系统解析。提出了制订区域可持续发展能力“资产负债表”的基本原理与基本方法,进一步设计了区域可持续发展能力“资产”与“负债”的计量方法。“资产负债表”的制定为开展区域“发展质量”精确评判奠定了坚实的理论基础。     

The Impact of Urbanization on Groundwater Quantity,Quality,Hydrothermal Changes and Its Countermeasures

Groundwater, as a drinking water source for nearly one third of the world’s urban population, plays a strategic role in the development of urbanization. The object of this study is urban areas with the largest demand for water resources, the heaviest load of groundwater pollution and the most intense development of underground projects. This study sorted out the eco-hydrological problems such as the variation of the groundwater hydrological process, the groundwater pollution, and the urban heat island of groundwater in urban areas under the background of urbanization. Furthermore, the mechanism of changes in the quantity, quality and heat of groundwater was also systematically analyzed, and the intrinsic interaction among these three factors was revealed. The study showed that changes in land use and land cover caused by the urbanization are the main reasons for the variation of groundwater hydrological process. The pollution load of urbanization construction and domestic production waste has aggravated the deterioration of groundwater quality. The increase in vertical heat flux caused by urbanization gives rise to the warming of groundwater. By summarizing the eco-hydrological problems and causes of groundwater in urbanized areas, several suggestions were proposed: \mathrm{①} Establishing the evaluation method and system of urban groundwater resources; \mathrm{②} Speeding up the technological breakthroughs of groundwater pollution control; \mathrm{③} Improving the regional control strategies for groundwater pollution; \mathrm{④} Optimizing the allocation of groundwater resources. This study will provide the theoretical basis and technical support for ensuring urban water safety, building ecological civilized cities and further promoting the sustainable development of economy and society.     

西北干旱区土壤资源特征与可持续发展

分析了干旱区主要土壤类型、分布规律,土壤的理化性状、养分特征以及在盐碱化、沙化和灌耕条件下的变化,并论证了干旱区土壤资源的基本特征对区域可持续发展的影响。认为干旱区土壤分布具明显的空间垂直地带性及径向分布规律。极端干旱条件下的暖温带棕漠土的资源性能最差,其他土壤的资源性能排序依次为灰棕漠土<灰漠土<灰钙土(棕钙土)<灌耕土<草甸土类。土壤资源性能在灌耕、风沙及盐碱化条件下发生显著变化,在干旱区广为分布的荒漠土壤多数具有显著的中深部盐化表现和易于沙化的条件。干旱区可持续发展依赖于绿洲灌耕土壤资源的稳定发展、高生产力水平及可持续利用,在明确土壤资源特性与分布规律的基础上,土壤资源的合理利用与保护及其与生态环境的可持续协调是关键问题。     

浅谈自然科学博物馆的科普教育功能和发展对策

阐述了自然科学博物馆的现状、存在的问题、面临的困境及应有的功能，并以湖南省地质博物馆为例，剖析了博物馆生存危机的深层次原因。自然科学博物馆的发展，一方面应立足于自然科学博物馆的科普教育功能，充分发掘其科学文化内涵，另一方面应通过引进联展、提高人员素质、改变管理模式等方式来促进博物馆的可持续发展。